{"id":47561,"date":"2023-09-05T17:27:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-04T18:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django%e5%92%8cstrawberry%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%9a%84graphql%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T21:38:45","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T13:38:45","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django%e5%92%8cstrawberry%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%9a%84graphql%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8django%e5%92%8cstrawberry%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e7%9a%84graphql%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Django\u548cStrawberry\u521b\u5efa\u7684GraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f2022\u5e74Django\u65e5\u5386\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u5341\u5929\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4eca\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9Django\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u673a\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u89e6Django\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528Django + Strawberry\u6765\u6784\u5efaGraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

Python\u7684GraphQL\u60c5\u51b5<\/h1>\n

\u63d0\u5230Python\u7684GraphQL\uff0cGraphene\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u540d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Graphene-Django\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9Django 4.0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u665a\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u652f\u6301\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a”Dead Project?”\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u66ff\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8349\u8393\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8349\u8393\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/h1>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u662f\u53d7\u5230 Python 3.7 \u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclasses\uff09\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8349\u8393\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePython 3\u7684\u65b0GraphQL\u5e93\uff0c\u53d7\u5230dataclasses\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n

import<\/span> typing<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> strawberry<\/span>\r\n\r\n@strawberry.type<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> Book<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    title<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n    author<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n\r\n@strawberry.type<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> Query<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    books<\/span>:<\/span> typing<\/span>.<\/span>List<\/span>[<\/span>Book<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86GraphiQL\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0eDjango ORM\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408<\/h1>\n
Strawberry \u5728 Python \u7684 Web \u6846\u67b6\u96c6\u6210\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u652f\u6301 Django\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/h2>\n
strawberry-graphql[debug-server]: Strawberry\u306e\u30b3\u30a2(\u30c1\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e)<\/p>\n
strawberry-graphql-django: Django\u3068\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u6a5f\u80fd<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8eDjango\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684Inbox\u7684InboxType\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u6839\u636eDjango\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n
import<\/span> strawberry_django<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> strawberry<\/span> import<\/span> auto<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n@strawberry_django.type<\/span>(<\/span>Inbox<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> InboxType<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    id<\/span>:<\/span> auto<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ee7\u627f\uff08Mixin\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49 is_type_of\uff08GenericModelType \u548c DjangoModelType \u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u7684 Mixin\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
@strawberry_django.type<\/span>(<\/span>Inbox<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> InboxType<\/span>(<\/span>GenericModelType<\/span>,<\/span> DjangoModelType<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    @classmethod<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> is_type_of<\/span>(<\/span>cls<\/span>,<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span> info<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>root<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>cls<\/span>,<\/span> Inbox<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u521b\u5efa\u53cd\u5411\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5728Django ORM\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5411\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
@strawberry_django.type<\/span>(<\/span>Book<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> BookType<\/span>(<\/span>DjangoModelType<\/span>,<\/span> GenericModelType<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    @strawberry.field<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> references<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>:<\/span> Book<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>ReferenceType<\/span>]:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> self<\/span>.<\/span>reference_set<\/span>.<\/span>order_by<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>sort_order<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u679a\u4e3e<\/h2>\n
Enum\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5927\u81f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
@strawberry.enum<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> InboxState<\/span>(<\/span>Enum<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    ACTIVE<\/span> =<\/span> \"<\/span>active<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    ALL<\/span> =<\/span> \"<\/span>all<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u867d\u7136\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u65f6\uff09\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3aOptional\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4ece\u5fc5\u586b\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
@strawberry.type<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> InboxQuery<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    @strawberry_django.field<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> inboxes<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> state<\/span>:<\/span> InboxState<\/span> =<\/span> InboxState<\/span>.<\/span>ACTIVE<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> List<\/span>[<\/span>InboxType<\/span>]:<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> state<\/span> ==<\/span> InboxState<\/span>.<\/span>ALL<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> Inbox<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>all<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        elif<\/span> state<\/span> ==<\/span> InboxState<\/span>.<\/span>ACTIVE<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> Inbox<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>incomplete_only<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n        else<\/span>:<\/span>  # pragma: no cover\r\n<\/span>            raise<\/span> AssertionError<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @strawberry_django.field<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> inbox<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> number<\/span>:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Optional<\/span>[<\/span>InboxType<\/span>]:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> Inbox<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>pk<\/span>=<\/span>number<\/span>).<\/span>first<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7a81\u53d8<\/h2>\n
Mutation\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610fGraphQL\u7684Mutation\u5177\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
@strawberry.type<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> InboxMutation<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    @strawberry.mutation<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> add_inbox<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> InboxType<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        inbox<\/span> =<\/span> Inbox<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>name<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> inbox<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @strawberry.mutation<\/span>\r\n    def<\/span> done_inbox<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> inbox_id<\/span>:<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> InboxType<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        inbox<\/span>:<\/span> Inbox<\/span> =<\/span> get_object_or_404<\/span>(<\/span>Inbox<\/span>,<\/span> pk<\/span>=<\/span>inbox_id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        inbox<\/span>.<\/span>status<\/span> =<\/span> InboxStatus<\/span>.<\/span>DONE<\/span>\r\n        inbox<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n        return<\/span> inbox<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5408\u5e76<\/h2>\n
\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> strawberry.tools<\/span> import<\/span> merge_types<\/span>\r\n\r\nTaskQuery<\/span> =<\/span> merge_types<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    \"<\/span>TaskQuery<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    (<\/span>\r\n        ContextQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        InboxQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        LocationQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        NextActionQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        ProjectQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        RepeatTaskQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        SectionQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        TaskInconsistenciesQuery<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    ),<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u3002Query\u548cMutation\u901a\u8fc7merge_types\u5408\u5e76\uff0cTypes\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
import<\/span> strawberry<\/span>\r\n\r\nschema<\/span> =<\/span> strawberry<\/span>.<\/span>Schema<\/span>(<\/span>query<\/span>=<\/span>Query<\/span>,<\/span> mutation<\/span>=<\/span>Mutation<\/span>,<\/span> types<\/span>=<\/span>Types<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u89c2\u770b<\/h2>\n
\u6700\u540e\u662f”View”\u3002\u4f7f\u7528”GraphQLView”\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      strawberry.django.views.GraphQLView<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
          strawberry.django.views.BaseView<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            django.views.generic.base.View<\/ul>\n
            \u603b\u8bc4<\/h1>\n
            \u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u719f\u6089GraphQL\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u6211\u4e5f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GraphQL\u5e93\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662fTypeScript\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \n
                Resolver\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u304b\u3089\u52dd\u624b\u306b\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e(Hasura, PostGraphile\u3068\u304b)<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                 <\/p>\n
                  Resolver\u3092\u5168\u90e8\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e<\/ul>\n
                  \u8003\u8651\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u540d\u9886\u57df\u65f6\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u6211\u5e0c\u671bMutation\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0cQuery\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5728Strawberry + Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u578b\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5c06RDBMS\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aGraphQL\u7ed3\u6784\u4f46\u53c8\u60f3\u4fdd\u7559\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6b63\u597d\u5408\u9002\u3002<\/p>\n
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