{"id":47473,"date":"2023-03-25T09:37:35","date_gmt":"2023-02-18T07:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T20:25:50","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T12:25:50","slug":"graphql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/graphql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80\/","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9GraphQL\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u60f3\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u6b21\u4e2d\u5c06\u5176\u603b\u7ed3\u6210\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

GraphQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8eWEB API\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\u3002
\n\u4e0eREST API\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cGraphQL\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u53c2\u8003GraphQL\u5b98\u65b9\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u5728GraphQL IDE\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662fJavaScript\u3002<\/p>\n

GraphQL\u7684\u5386\u53f2<\/h2>\n

GraphQL\u662f\u7531Facebook\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e2012\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c2015\u5e74\u5b83\u5f00\u6e90\uff0c2018\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86GraphQL\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3002
\n\u622a\u81f32020\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5Facebook\uff0cGitHub\u3001Pinterest\u548cCousere\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86GraphQL\u3002<\/p>\n

GraphQL\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n

GraphQL\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u8c13\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u4e0eGraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u603b\u51713\u79cd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u610f\u5473\u52b9\u679cquery\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u53d6\u5f97\u7cfbGETmutation\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfbPOST\/PUT\/DELETE…etcsubscription\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u901a\u77e5Websocket<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u00b7 \u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0GraphQL API\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u64b0\u5199\u6b64\u8bed\u8a00\uff09
\n\u00b7 \u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7531GraphQL\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728GraphQL API\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0cSchema\u8bed\u8a00\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7531Resolver\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u8fd4\u56de\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

GraphQL\u67b6\u6784\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9875\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\n\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cGraphQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6574\u7406\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 npm \u6765\u5b89\u88c5 GraphQL.js\u3002<\/p>\n

mkdir GraphQLPrac\r\ncd GraphQLPrac\r\ntouch server.js\r\nnpm init\r\nnpm install express express-graphql graphql --save\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd0\u884cGraphQL API\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86GraphQL\u548cNode.js\u6846\u67b6Express\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express-graphql<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> buildSchema<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>graphql<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ GraphQL\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306f\u3042\u304f\u307e\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306e\u307f\u3067\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u306f\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\n  type Query {\r\n    hello: String\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306f\u3001API\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u3054\u3068\u306b\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u3068\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u95a2\u6570\uff08\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> root<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  hello<\/span>:<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> '<\/span>Hello world!<\/span>'<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Express\u3067\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u307e\u3059<\/span>\r\n\/\/ graphiql: true \u3068\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3001GraphQL\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n  schema<\/span>:<\/span> schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  rootValue<\/span>:<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  graphiql<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}));<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>4000<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Running a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece\u7ec8\u7aef\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
node server.js\r\nRunning a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a
\n1. \u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\n2. \u5728\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n3. \u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eREST API\u4e2d\u7684CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3ahello\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u5728GraphQL\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b5\u79cd\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6807\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a
\n\u30fbString\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u578b\uff09
\n\u30fbInt\uff08\u6574\u578b\uff09
\n\u30fbFloat\uff08\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\uff09
\n\u30fbBoolean\uff08\u5e03\u5c14\u578b\uff09
\n\u30fbID\uff08\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u578b\uff09<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff08\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bb9\u5668\uff09\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5982[String]\u6216[Int]\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>express-graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> buildSchema<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ GraphQL\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\n  type Query {\r\n    quoteOfTheDay: String\r\n    random: Float!\r\n    rollThreeDice: [Int]\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u95a2\u6570<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> root<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\/\/quoteOfTheDay: String \u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>\r\n  quoteOfTheDay<\/span>:<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> Math<\/span>.<\/span>random<\/span>()<\/span> <<\/span> 0.5<\/span> ?<\/span> \"<\/span>Take it easy<\/span>\"<\/span> :<\/span> \"<\/span>Salvation lies within<\/span>\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n\/\/random: Float! \u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>\r\n  random<\/span>:<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> Math<\/span>.<\/span>random<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n\/\/rollThreeDice: [Int] \u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>\r\n  rollThreeDice<\/span>:<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>].<\/span>map<\/span>((<\/span>_<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> 1<\/span> +<\/span> Math<\/span>.<\/span>floor<\/span>(<\/span>Math<\/span>.<\/span>random<\/span>()<\/span> *<\/span> 6<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n  \"<\/span>\/graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  graphqlHTTP<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n    schema<\/span>:<\/span> schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    rootValue<\/span>:<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    graphiql<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  })<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>4000<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>Running a GraphQL API server at localhost:4000\/graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
node server.js\r\nRunning a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
\u6211\u60f3\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd4\u56de\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578bAPI\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012<\/h2>\n
\u5728GraphQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0eREST API\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9GraphQL API\u7684\u7aef\u70b9\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
type<\/span> Query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  rollThreeDice<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>Int<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>express-graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> buildSchema<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ GraphQL\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u5f15\u6570\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\n  type Query {\r\n    rollDice(numDice: Int!, numSides: Int): [Int]\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u95a2\u6570<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> root<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  \/\/\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u5074\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u5024\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b<\/span>\r\n  rollDice<\/span>:<\/span> ({<\/span>numDice<\/span>,<\/span> numSides<\/span>})<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> output<\/span> =<\/span> [];<\/span>\r\n    for<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span> <<\/span> numDice<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span>++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n      output<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span> +<\/span> Math<\/span>.<\/span>floor<\/span>(<\/span>Math<\/span>.<\/span>random<\/span>()<\/span> *<\/span> (<\/span>numSides<\/span> ||<\/span> 6<\/span>)));<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> output<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n  \"<\/span>\/graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  graphqlHTTP<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n    schema<\/span>:<\/span> schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    rootValue<\/span>:<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    graphiql<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  })<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>4000<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Running a GraphQL API server at localhost:4000\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
node server.js\r\nRunning a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u8ba4\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u6309\u7167\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7531\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfJSON\u4e00\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u5d4c\u5957\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\n\/\/type RandomDie\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u300cgetDie\u300d\u3067\u5229\u7528<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\n  type RandomDie {\r\n    numSides: Int!\r\n    rollOnce: Int!\r\n    roll(numRolls: Int!): [Int]\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  type Query {\r\n    getDie(numSides: Int): RandomDie\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>express-graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> buildSchema<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ GraphQL\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\n  type RandomDie {\r\n    numSides: Int!\r\n    rollOnce: Int!\r\n    roll(numRolls: Int!): [Int]\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  type Query {\r\n    getDie(numSides: Int): RandomDie\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u95a2\u6570\u5185\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> RandomDie<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  constructor<\/span>(<\/span>numSides<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    this<\/span>.<\/span>numSides<\/span> =<\/span> numSides<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n\r\n  rollOnce<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> 1<\/span> +<\/span> Math<\/span>.<\/span>floor<\/span>(<\/span>Math<\/span>.<\/span>random<\/span>()<\/span> *<\/span> this<\/span>.<\/span>numSides<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n\r\n  roll<\/span>({<\/span>numRolls<\/span>})<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> output<\/span> =<\/span> [];<\/span>\r\n    for<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span> <<\/span> numRolls<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span>++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n      output<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>rollOnce<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> output<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u95a2\u6570<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> root<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  getDie<\/span>:<\/span> ({<\/span>numSides<\/span>})<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> new<\/span> RandomDie<\/span>(<\/span>numSides<\/span> ||<\/span> 6<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n  schema<\/span>:<\/span> schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  rootValue<\/span>:<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  graphiql<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}));<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
node server.js\r\nRunning a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u50cfJSON\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7c7b\u578b\uff08Mutations\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\uff08Query\uff09\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4f5cMutation\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528input\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u800c\u4e0d\u662ftype\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
input<\/span> MessageInput<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  content<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>\r\n  author<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\ntype<\/span> Message<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  id<\/span>:<\/span> ID<\/span>!<\/span>\r\n  content<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>\r\n  author<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\ntype<\/span> Query<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  getMessage<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> ID<\/span>!<\/span>):<\/span> Message<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3068\u66f4\u65b0\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u306b\u306finput\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305fMessageInput\u3092\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>\r\ntype<\/span> Mutation<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  createMessage<\/span>(<\/span>input<\/span>:<\/span> MessageInput<\/span>):<\/span> Message<\/span>\r\n  updateMessage<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> ID<\/span>!<\/span>,<\/span> input<\/span>:<\/span> MessageInput<\/span>):<\/span> Message<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
var<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>express-graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> {<\/span> buildSchema<\/span> }<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>graphql<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ GraphQL\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u8a00\u8a9e\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3057\u3066\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> schema<\/span> =<\/span> buildSchema<\/span>(<\/span>`\r\ninput MessageInput {\r\n    content: String\r\n    author: String\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  type Message {\r\n    id: ID!\r\n    content: String\r\n    author: String\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  type Query {\r\n    getMessage(id: ID!): Message\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  type Mutation {\r\n    createMessage(input: MessageInput): Message\r\n    updateMessage(id: ID!, input: MessageInput): Message\r\n  }\r\n`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Message<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  constructor<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>content<\/span>,<\/span> author<\/span>})<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    this<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span> =<\/span> id<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    this<\/span>.<\/span>content<\/span> =<\/span> content<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    this<\/span>.<\/span>author<\/span> =<\/span> author<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u5165\u308c\u7269<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> fakeDatabase<\/span> =<\/span> {};<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> root<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  getMessage<\/span>:<\/span> ({<\/span>id<\/span>})<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>fakeDatabase<\/span>[<\/span>id<\/span>])<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n      throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>no message exists with id <\/span>'<\/span> +<\/span> id<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> new<\/span> Message<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> fakeDatabase<\/span>[<\/span>id<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n  createMessage<\/span>:<\/span> ({<\/span>input<\/span>})<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306aId\u3092\u751f\u6210<\/span>\r\n    var<\/span> id<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>crypto<\/span>'<\/span>).<\/span>randomBytes<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>).<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>hex<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n    fakeDatabase<\/span>[<\/span>id<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> input<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> new<\/span> Message<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> input<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n  updateMessage<\/span>:<\/span> ({<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> input<\/span>})<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>fakeDatabase<\/span>[<\/span>id<\/span>])<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n      throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>no message exists with id <\/span>'<\/span> +<\/span> id<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u53e4\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u63db\u3048<\/span>\r\n    fakeDatabase<\/span>[<\/span>id<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> input<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> new<\/span> Message<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> input<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n};<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> graphqlHTTP<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n  schema<\/span>:<\/span> schema<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  rootValue<\/span>:<\/span> root<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  graphiql<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}));<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>4000<\/span>,<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Running a GraphQL API server at localhost:4000\/graphql<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
node server.js\r\nRunning a GraphQL API server at http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\"createMessage.png\"<\/div>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n
\"updateMessage.png\"<\/div>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 de<\/p>\n
\"message-wuery.png\"<\/div>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\uff01<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7db2\u7f85\u5730\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95dc\u65bcGraphQL\u57fa\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002
\n\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6211\u5c0d\u65bc\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3001\u5beb\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6574\u7406\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4e9b\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904e\u53cd\u8986\u95b1\u8b80\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e26\u52d5\u624b\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u4e86\u5173\u4e8eGraphQL\u7684Subscription\uff01?
\n\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Vue\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528GraphQL\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n
\u5411\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3GraphQL\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5357<\/h4>\n
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