{"id":45388,"date":"2023-07-13T06:14:59","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T08:34:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45388-2\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T13:19:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T05:19:52","slug":"45388-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45388-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

Rust \u3067\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u7b49\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3084\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u578b T \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a (\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1) \u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5f15\u6570 self \u3084\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b Self \u304b\u3089\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u578b\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u5f15\u6570 self \u306e\u578b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1<\/h1>\n

\u307e\u305a\u3001\u5f15\u6570 self \u306e\u578b\u306b\u3088\u308b\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

trait<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Foo<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Foo<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Foo\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Bar<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Bar<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Bar\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Baz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Baz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Baz\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> foo<\/span> =<\/span> Foo<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nfoo<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nFoo<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>foo<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>foo<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Foo;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> bar<\/span> =<\/span> Bar<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nbar<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nBar<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>bar<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>bar<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Bar;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> baz<\/span> =<\/span> Baz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nbaz<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>baz<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>baz<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Baz;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u203b \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u66d6\u6627\u3055\u56de\u907f\u306f\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u7b49\u306e\u578b\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u88c5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b49\u3001\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u304c\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u300c\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u660e\u793a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u7b49\u306e\u578b\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u300d\u5185\u5bb9\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5225\u7269\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
self \u306f &Self \u578b\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u578b T \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001FooBarBaz::something(&foo) \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u3067\u3082\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u7b49\u306e\u578b\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304c\u89e3\u91c8\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cMethods – Rust By Example\u300d
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300cPerformance of Code Using Generics – Generic Data Types – The Rust Programming Language\u300d
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300cTraits – Rust By Example\u300d<\/p>\n
\u203b &self \u306f self: &Self \u306e\u30b7\u30f3\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30b7\u30e5\u30ac\u30fc (\u300c\u7c21\u7565\u8868\u8a18 self\u300d) \u3067\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u7b49\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u5916\u3057\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u300c\u53c2\u7167\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cFunctions – The Rust Reference\u300d(\u300c\u7c21\u7565\u8868\u8a18 self\u300d\u3001ShorthandSelf)
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300cReference patterns – Patterns – The Rust Reference\u300d(\u300c\u53c2\u7167\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u300d\u3001ReferencePattern)<\/p>\n
2. \u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b Self \u306b\u3088\u308b\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1<\/h1>\n
Rust \u3067\u306f\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u3082\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u578b\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b Self \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
trait<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Foo<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Foo<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Foo\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        Self<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Bar<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Bar<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Bar\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        Self<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Baz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Baz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Baz\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        Self<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>foo<\/span> =<\/span> Foo<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>foo<\/span>:<\/span> Foo<\/span> =<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Foo;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>bar<\/span> =<\/span> Bar<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>bar<\/span>:<\/span> Bar<\/span> =<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Bar;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>baz<\/span> =<\/span> Baz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> _<\/span>baz<\/span>:<\/span> Baz<\/span> =<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>();<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Baz;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cDisambiguating Function Calls – Call expressions – The Rust Reference\u300d<\/p>\n
Default::default() \u3084\u3000FromIterator::from_iter \u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u7b49\u3067\u3082\u623b\u308a\u5024 Self \u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
pub<\/span> trait<\/span> Default<\/span>:<\/span> Sized<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> default<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
let<\/span> i<\/span>:<\/span> i8<\/span> =<\/span> Default<\/span>::<\/span>default<\/span>();<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = i8;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
pub<\/span> trait<\/span> FromIterator<\/span><<\/span>A<\/span>><\/span>:<\/span> Sized<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> from_iter<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>:<\/span> IntoIterator<\/span><<\/span>Item<\/span> =<\/span> A<\/span>>><\/span>(<\/span>iter<\/span>:<\/span> T<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Self<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
pub<\/span> trait<\/span> Iterator<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n    type<\/span> Item<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> collect<\/span><<\/span>B<\/span>:<\/span> FromIterator<\/span><<\/span>Self<\/span>::<\/span>Item<\/span>>><\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> B<\/span>\r\n    where<\/span>\r\n        Self<\/span>:<\/span> Sized<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n        FromIterator<\/span>::<\/span>from_iter<\/span>(<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> \/\/ \u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = B;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cDefault in std::default – Rust\u300d
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300ccollect – Iterator in std::iter – Rust\u300d
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300cFromIterator in std::iter – Rust\u300d<\/p>\n
3. \u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1<\/h1>\n
\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b Self \u306b\u3088\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
trait<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Foo<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Foo<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Foo\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Bar<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Bar<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Bar\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstruct<\/span> Baz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimpl<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> for<\/span> Baz<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> something<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Baz\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> foo_bar_baz<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>dyn<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> =<\/span> &<\/span>Foo<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nfoo_bar_baz<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>           \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Foo;<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>foo_bar_baz<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Foo;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> foo_bar_baz<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>dyn<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> =<\/span> &<\/span>Bar<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nfoo_bar_baz<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>           \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Bar;<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>foo_bar_baz<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Bar;<\/span>\r\n\r\nlet<\/span> foo_bar_baz<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>dyn<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> =<\/span> &<\/span>Baz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nfoo_bar_baz<\/span>.something<\/span>();<\/span>           \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Baz;<\/span>\r\nFooBarBaz<\/span>::<\/span>something<\/span>(<\/span>foo_bar_baz<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/ \u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1: type Self = Baz;<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Note: Rust \u3067\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30c0\u30a6\u30f3\u30ad\u30e3\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u624b\u9593\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3001<\/span>\r\n\/\/       \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5358\u7d14\u306b as \u3067\u5909\u63db\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002<\/span>\r\n\/\/       \u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001FooBarBaz \u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u88c5\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u4ee5\u5916\u306f\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u306f\u547c\u3079\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/span>\r\n\/\/<\/span>\r\n\/\/ (foo_bar_baz as &Foo).something();<\/span>\r\n\/\/ Foo::something(foo_bar_baz as &Foo);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cTrait Objects Perform Dynamic Dispatch – Using Trait Objects That Allow for Values of Different Types – The Rust Programming Language\u300d<\/p>\n
\u30c8\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3078\u306e\u5909\u63db\u306f\u3001Unsized \u578b\u5f37\u5236\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ ... \u7565<\/span>\r\nlet<\/span> foo_bar_baz<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>dyn<\/span> FooBarBaz<\/span> =<\/span> &<\/span>Foo<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ Unsized \u578b\u5f37\u5236: &Foo -> &dyn FooBarBaz<\/span>\r\n\/\/ ... \u7565<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u300cUnsized Coercions – Type coercions – The Rust Reference\u300d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rust \u3067\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u7b49\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3084\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u578b T \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a (\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1) \u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n- Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45388-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rust \u3067\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u7b49\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3084\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u304b\u3089\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u578b T \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a (\u9759\u7684\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30d1\u30c3\u30c1) \u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45388-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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