{"id":45334,"date":"2024-01-07T19:17:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T23:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45334-2\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T17:19:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T09:19:25","slug":"45334-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45334-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

Rust\u306e\u5165\u9580\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Reference Cycles Can Leak Memory\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3059\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u672c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9)\u3092\u307f\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u60f3\u5b9a\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u3001Rust\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u7279\u306bTRPL\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u4e2d\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u79c1\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u4e2d\u306e\u8eab\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5168\u304f\u5206\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8aa4\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u306f\u3054\u6307\u6458\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

use<\/span> List<\/span>::{<\/span>Cons<\/span>,<\/span> Nil<\/span>};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::<\/span>rc<\/span>::<\/span>Rc<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::<\/span>cell<\/span>::<\/span>RefCell<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n#[derive(Debug)]<\/span>\r\nenum<\/span> List<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    Cons<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span><<\/span>Rc<\/span><<\/span>List<\/span>>><\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    Nil<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nimpl<\/span> List<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> tail<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Option<\/span><&<\/span>RefCell<\/span><<\/span>Rc<\/span><<\/span>List<\/span>>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        match<\/span> *<\/span>self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            Cons<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>,<\/span> ref<\/span> item<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>item<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n            Nil<\/span> =><\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfn<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> a<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Cons<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Nil<\/span>))));<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ a\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a initial rc count = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f = {:?}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n    let<\/span> b<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Cons<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Rc<\/span>::<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>))));<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ b\u4f5c\u6210\u5f8c\u306ea\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a rc count after b creation = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ b\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b initial rc count = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ b\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20 = {:?}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n    if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>link<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        *<\/span>link<\/span>.borrow_mut<\/span>()<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u306eb\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b rc count after changing a = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u306ea\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a rc count after changing a = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Uncomment the next line to see that we have a cycle;<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ it will overflow the stack<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u6b21\u306e\u884c\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5916\u3057\u3066\u5faa\u74b0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044; \u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>        \/\/ a\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20 = {:?}<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u6982\u8981<\/h2>\n
\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306b\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30af\u3068\u306f\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u304c\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3001\u30ac\u30d9\u30fc\u30b8\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3(GC)\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3059\u3002Rust\u306bGC\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u3068\u501f\u7528\u3084\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30bf\u30a4\u30e01\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u304c\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059(Rust\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3092\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u672c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u5bb9\u91cf\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002Rust\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u5bb9\u91cf\u306f2\uff5e8MiB\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
fn<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a\u306f1\u30921000\u4e07\u500b\u3082\u3064\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u914d\u5217<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> a<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span> 10_000_000<\/span>];<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"{:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> a<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
thread 'main'<\/span> has overflowed its stack\r\nfatal runtime error: stack overflow\r\ntimeout<\/span>: the monitored command <\/span>dumped core\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u672c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u65b9\u5f0f\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3068\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u5909\u6027\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u65b9\u5f0f\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3068\u306f\u3001\u5024\u306e\u89e3\u653e\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3067\u3059\u3002python\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u5909\u6570\u4ee3\u5165\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u304c0\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306b\u5024\u304c\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u5024\u304c\u89e3\u653e\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u30921\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u4f5c\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0b\u56f3\u306ea,b\u3067\u306f\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u304c\u4e92\u3044\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u30921\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306b\u4fdd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001Rust\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u65b9\u5f0f\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf (Rc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf)\u3067\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u3064\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001Rc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5024\u306f\u4e0d\u5909\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u30442\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u624b\u98063\u3067\u5024\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6e96\u5099: \u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306a\u578b(\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8; \u5f8c\u8ff0)\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8(5, Nil)\u3078\u306eRc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092a\u3059\u308b<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
          \u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8(10, a)\u3078\u306eRc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092b\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
           <\/p>\n
            a\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092(5, Nil)\u304b\u3089(5, b)\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/ol>\n
            \u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5024\u306e\u307f\u53ef\u5909\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u3078\u6307\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059(\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u5909\u60273)\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3067\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u53ef\u5909\u306b\u305b\u305a\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u5909\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0a\u56f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u8a73\u7d30<\/h2>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5217\u6319\u578b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h3>\n
            #[derive(Debug)]<\/span>\r\nenum<\/span> List<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    Cons<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span><<\/span>Rc<\/span><<\/span>List<\/span>>><\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    Nil<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            enum\u306f\u5217\u6319\u578b\u306e\u5ba3\u8a00\u3067\u3001List\u578b\u306b\u306fCons(i32, RefCell<Rc>)\u304bNil\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u5217\u6319\u5b50\u304c\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u203b\u3000Cons()\u3084Nil\u306f\u3053\u3053\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u5217\u6319\u5b50\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001Rust\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f
            \n(\u306a\u304aNil\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306anull, nil\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u306e\u57fa\u5e95\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3068\u304d\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059)
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch15-01-box.html<\/p>\n
            Cons(i32, RefCell<Rc>)\u306fi32\u578b\u3068RefCell<Rc>\u578b\u3068\u306e\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u4e8c\u8981\u7d20(\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20)\u306b\u3088\u308b\u69cb\u6210\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306b\u306fnil\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5024\u306e\u307f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u95a2\u6570\u578b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u8a00\u8a9e\u3067\u983b\u7e41\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001Rust\u3067\u306fVec\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u672c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7406\u7531\u306f\u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b7\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4e0b\u8a18\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u4e0b\u56f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bi32\u578b\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u8868\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5217\u6319\u578bList\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            enum<\/span> List<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    Cons<\/span>(<\/span>i32<\/span>,<\/span> List<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    Nil<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \"image.png\"<\/div>\n
            (\u753b\u50cf\u5f15\u7528\u5143\uff1ahttps:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch15-01-box.html)<\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u8003\uff1a
            \nhttps:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch15-01-box.html#%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E8%A9%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F
            \nhttps:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cons_(Lisp)<\/p>\n
            RefCell<Rc>)\u306f\u3001Rc\u306e\u5024\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u53ef\u5909\u6027\u3092\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u578b\u3067\u3059\u3002
            \n\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u306b\u306funsafe\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c94\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3057\u3001\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30bf\u30a4\u30e01\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306e\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u501f\u7528\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a
            \nhttps:\/\/zenn.dev\/mebiusbox\/books\/22d4c1ed9b0003\/viewer\/5df75e
            \nhttps:\/\/doc.rust-lang.org\/std\/cell\/index.html<\/p>\n
            \u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n
            impl<\/span> List<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fn<\/span> tail<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>self<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Option<\/span><&<\/span>RefCell<\/span><<\/span>Rc<\/span><<\/span>List<\/span>>>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        match<\/span> *<\/span>self<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            Cons<\/span>(<\/span>_<\/span>,<\/span> ref<\/span> item<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>item<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n            Nil<\/span> =><\/span> None<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            impl\u5ba3\u8a00\u3067List\u578b\u306b\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            tail\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20 (match\u53e5\u3067\u5f0f*self\u306e\u5024)\u304cNil\u306a\u3089\u3070None\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            match\u5f0f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066
            \nmatch\u5f0f\u306f\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001Rust\u3067\u591a\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Option\u304b\u3089\u4e2d\u8eab\u306eT\u5024\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308bunwrap\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067\u306fmatch\u5f0f\u304c\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3001match\u5f0f\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n#![allow(unused)]
            \nfn main() {
            \nfn plus_one(x: Option) -> Option {
            \nmatch x {
            \nNone => None,
            \nSome(i) => Some(i + 1),
            \n}
            \n}let five = Some(5);
            \nlet six = plus_one(five);
            \nassert_eq!(six, Some(6));
            \nlet none = plus_one(None);
            \nassert_eq!(none, None);
            \n}<\/p>\n
            \u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066match\u5f0f\u306b\u306f\u7db2\u7f85\u6027\u304c\u8981\u6c42\u3055\u308c\u3001None\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u640d\u3058\u308b\u3068\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u6559\u3048\u3066\u304f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \nerror[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `None` not covered
            \n(\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc: \u5305\u62ec\u7684\u3067\u306a\u3044\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3: `None`\u304c\u30ab\u30d0\u30fc\u3055\u308c\u3066\u307e\u305b\u3093)
            \n–>
            \n|
            \n6 | match x {
            \n| ^ pattern `None` not covered<\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch06-02-match.html#match%E5%88%B6%E5%BE%A1%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%90<\/p>\n<\/details>\n
            \u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u5fc5\u305a\u3001\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u4e3b\u4f53\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308bself\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9
            \n\uff08\u4e0b\u306e\u4f8b\u3067m.call()\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306eself\u306b\u306fm\u306e\u5024\u304c\u5165\u308b\uff09
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html
            \n#![allow(unused)]
            \nfn main() {
            \nenum Message {
            \nQuit,
            \nMove { x: i32, y: i32 },
            \nWrite(String),
            \nChangeColor(i32, i32, i32),
            \n}impl Message {
            \nfn call(&self) {
            \n\/\/ method body would be defined here
            \n\/\/ \u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u672c\u4f53\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u308b
            \n}
            \n}<\/p>\n
            let m = Message::Write(String::from(“hello”));
            \nm.call();
            \n}<\/p>\n
            \u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u304cself(\u5024)\u3084&mut self(\u53ef\u5909\u53c2\u7167)\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f&self(\u4e0d\u5909\u53c2\u7167)\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306f\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u5143\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u4f34\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5b9f\u88c5\u3092\u307f\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n
            Option\u5217\u6319\u5b50\u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5217\u6319\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001use\u5ba3\u8a00\u306f\u4e0d\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            Option\u578b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066
            \n#![allow(unused)]
            \nfn main() {
            \nenum Option {
            \nSome(T),
            \nNone,
            \n}
            \n}Rust\u306fnull\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306bOption\u578b\u306eNone\u5217\u6319\u5b50\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067Option\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u306f\u5024\u304cnull\u306b\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3057\u3001Option\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5024\u306bnull\u304c\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306b\u62c5\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html#option-enum%E3%81%A8null%E5%80%A4%E3%81%AB%E5%8B%9D%E3%82%8B%E5%88%A9%E7%82%B9<\/p>\n<\/details>\n
            ref\u306f\u30bf\u30d7\u30eb\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3078\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6240\u6709\u6a29\u304c\u79fb\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/rust-by-example-ja\/scope\/borrow\/ref.html
            \nhttps:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/rust-by-example-ja\/flow_control\/match\/destructuring\/destructure_pointers.html<\/p>\n
            main\u95a2\u6570\u3067\u3084\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/h3>\n
            \u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8(5, Nil)\u3078\u306eRc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092a\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n
                let<\/span> a<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Cons<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Nil<\/span>))));<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ a\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a initial rc count = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f = {:?}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u5909\u6570a\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5316\u306b\u306f\u3001Cons()\u5217\u6319\u5b50\u306bList::Cons(1, RefCell<Rc>)\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5024\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html<\/p>\n
            a.tail()\u3067\u306f\u3001a\u306e\u6697\u9ed9\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304cRc\u304b\u3089T\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u501f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001tail\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u5f15\u6570self\u306b\u306fList\u578b\u304c\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \nRc::strong_count\u3067\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u6570\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8(10, a)\u3078\u306eRc\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u3092b\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n
                let<\/span> b<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Cons<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> RefCell<\/span>::<\/span>new<\/span>(<\/span>Rc<\/span>::<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>))));<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ b\u4f5c\u6210\u5f8c\u306ea\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a rc count after b creation = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ b\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b initial rc count = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ b\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20 = {:?}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u5909\u6570b\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5316\u306b\u306f\u3001a.clone()\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fRc::clone(&a)\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30c7\u30a3\u30fc\u30d7\u30b3\u30d4\u30fc\u3067\u306a\u304f\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \na\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u304c\u5897\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n
            a\u304b\u3089\u53c2\u7167\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092(5, Nil)\u304b\u3089(5, b)\u3068\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n
                if<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>link<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        *<\/span>link<\/span>.borrow_mut<\/span>()<\/span> =<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>clone<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u306eb\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"b rc count after changing a = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>b<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u5f8c\u306ea\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8 = {}<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a rc count after changing a = {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> Rc<\/span>::<\/span>strong_count<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>a<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            if let\u8a18\u6cd5\u3067\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30c1\u3059\u308b\u5024\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
            \n\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u3000https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch06-03-if-let.html<\/p>\n
            RefCell::borrow_mut\u3067\u4e2d\u306e\u5024\u3078\u306e\u53ef\u5909\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u501f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u3053\u308c\u3067\u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5faa\u74b0\u53c2\u7167\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b<\/h4>\n
                \/\/ Uncomment the next line to see that we have a cycle;<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ it will overflow the stack<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u6b21\u306e\u884c\u306e\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5916\u3057\u3066\u5faa\u74b0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044; \u30b9\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30aa\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u3057\u307e\u3059<\/span>\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"a next item = {:?}\"<\/span>,<\/span> a<\/span>.tail<\/span>());<\/span>        \/\/ a\u306e\u6b21\u306e\u8981\u7d20 = {:?}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            a\u3068b\u306e\u53c2\u7167\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u306f2\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff08\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u81ea\u8eab\u3068a\u307e\u305f\u306fb\uff09\u3001main\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u7d42\u7aef\u3067\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304cb\u3092\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u30921\u6e1b\u3089\u3057\u3066\u30820\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001b\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d2\u30fc\u30d7\u4e2d\u306e\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u304c\u30c9\u30ed\u30c3\u30d7\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u8003<\/h2>\n
            https:\/\/doc.rust-jp.rs\/book-ja\/ch15-06-reference-cycles.html
            \nhttps:\/\/www.oreilly.co.jp\/books\/9784873119786\/<\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u7167\u304c\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059 (docs)\u3002 \u21a9 \u21a92<\/p>\n
            \u5024\u304c\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u304b\u3089\u5171\u6709\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u524d\u63d0\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002Rust\u3067\u306f\u53ef\u5909\u53c2\u7167\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u671f\u9593\u4e2d\u306f\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ed6\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u304b\u3089\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4ed5\u69d8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u21a9<\/p>\n
            \u69cb\u9020\u4f53\u306e\u3082\u3064\u5024\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u304c\u4e0d\u5909\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u5024\u306e\u307f\u53ef\u5909\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Cell\u3084RefCell\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5b9f\u88c5\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u21a9<\/p>\n
            \u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059(\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u306f\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044)\u3002 \u21a9<\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            Rust\u306e\u5165\u9580\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Reference Cycles Can Leak Memory\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n- Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45334-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rust\u306e\u5165\u9580\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001Reference Cycles Can Leak Memory\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\uff09\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45334-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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