{"id":45332,"date":"2023-08-08T19:03:55","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T11:03:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45332-2\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T17:38:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T09:38:11","slug":"45332-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45332-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c11\u3057\u524d\u306bRust\u306enightly\u306bGAT\u304c\u5165\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001Functors, Applicatives, And Monads In Pictures\u306eFunctor\u307e\u3067\u3092\u3001Rust\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rust\u306f\u8da3\u5473\u3067\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u3001Haskell\u306f\u4e00\u884c\u3082\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3001\u30e2\u30ca\u30c9\u304c\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3082\u30b5\u30c3\u30d1\u30ea\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3054\u4e86\u627f\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3088\u3046\u304a\u9858\u3044\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u3068\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305fRust\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u300crustc 1.51.0-nightly (0b644e419 2020-12-26)\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/h2>\n<p>Functors, Applicatives, And Monads In Pictures<br \/>\n\u7bb1\u3067\u8003\u3048\u308bFunctor\u3001Applicative\u305d\u3057\u3066Monad<br \/>\nMonads and GATs in nightly Rust<br \/>\nRust\u306eHigher-Kinded type Trait<\/p>\n<h2>Maybe<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"kr\">data<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Maybe<\/span> <span class=\"n\">a<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Just<\/span> <span class=\"n\">a<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Maybe \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3001 Just a \u3068 Nothing \u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">#[derive(Debug,<\/span> <span class=\"nd\">PartialEq)]<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"k\">enum<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>Functor<\/h1>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kt\">Just<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kt\">Just<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">5<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span><span class=\"mi\">3<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Nothing<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kt\">Nothing<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7bb1\u306b\u5165\u3063\u305f\u5024\u306b\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u7bb1\u306b\u5165\u308c\u3066\u8fd4\u3059\u307f\u305f\u3044\u306a\u611f\u3058<\/p>\n<p>Just(2) -&gt; (+3) -&gt; Just(5)<\/p>\n<p>\u3068\u308a\u3042\u3048\u305a\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">match<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)),<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u307f\u308b<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">assert_eq!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.fmap<\/span><span class=\"p\">(|<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">|<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">));<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nd\">assert_eq!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.fmap<\/span><span class=\"p\">(|<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i32<\/span><span class=\"p\">|<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3063\u3066 Option<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">assert_eq!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Some<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">2<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.map<\/span><span class=\"p\">(|<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">|<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">Some<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"mi\">5<\/span><span class=\"p\">));<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nd\">assert_eq!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nb\">None<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.map<\/span><span class=\"p\">(|<\/span><span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">i32<\/span><span class=\"p\">|<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">3<\/span> <span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"n\">v<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">None<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Haskell \u306e typeclass \u306f\u3001Rust \u306e trait \u3089\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067 trait \u3067\u66f8\u304d\u306a\u304a\u3059<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"kr\">class<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Functor<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">where<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">map<\/span> <span class=\"o\">::<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">a<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">b<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span> <span class=\"n\">a<\/span> <span class=\"o\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span> <span class=\"n\">b<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"kr\">instance<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Functor<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Maybe<\/span> <span class=\"kr\">where<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span> <span class=\"n\">func<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"kt\">Just<\/span> <span class=\"n\">val<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Just<\/span> <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">func<\/span> <span class=\"n\">val<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span> <span class=\"n\">func<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"kt\">Nothing<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">match<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)),<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3042\u308c\uff1f\u66f8\u3051\u305f\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\uff1f<\/p>\n<h2>GAT<\/h2>\n<p>\u6c17\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u672c\u984c\u306eGAT\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308b<\/p>\n<p>#![feature(generic_associated_types)]<\/p>\n<p>\u3092\u982d\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">where<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">B<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">match<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)),<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>HKT<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9f\u306fGAT\u5165\u308b\u524d\u304b\u3089\u66f8\u3051\u3066\u305f<\/p>\n<p>Rust\u306b\u306fHKT\u306a\u3044\u3051\u3069\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u578b\u3092\u99c6\u4f7f\u3057\u3066\u66f8\u3051\u308b\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">HKT<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">trait<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">HKT<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">HKT<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">type<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Functor<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">A<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"n\">fmap<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">FnOnce<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Unwrapped<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">U<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">F<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Self<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Wrapped<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">match<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">Just<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nf\">f<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">x<\/span><span class=\"p\">)),<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"nn\">Maybe<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"n\">Nothing<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>\u300ctype Wrapped<b>: Functor;\u300d\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u304cGAT(Generic Associated Types)\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30e2\u30ca\u30c9\u304c\u4f55\u306a\u306e\u304b\u30b5\u30c3\u30d1\u30ea\u308f\u304b\u3089\u3093<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5c11\u3057\u524d\u306bRust\u306enightly\u306bGAT\u304c\u5165\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001Functors, Applicatives, A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - 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