{"id":45191,"date":"2022-12-24T02:24:43","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T14:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45191-2\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T06:43:47","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T22:43:47","slug":"45191-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45191-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u30cf\u30a4\u30b5\u30a4\uff01\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u3084\u3044\u3073\u30fc\u3093\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>\u6982\u8981<\/h1>\n<p>Rust\u306emacro_rules!\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3001struct\u306eimpl\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067\u4f7f\u3046self\u3092macro\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>macro_rules!\u3068\u306f\uff1f<\/h1>\n<p>macro_rules!\u306fRust\u306e\u6a19\u6e96\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3001\u300c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u300d\u3092\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u305b\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Rust\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u624b\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001macro_rules!\u306f\u6700\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b \u5ba3\u8a00\u7684 \u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u624b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0<\/h2>\n<p>\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u7121\u8ad6\u3001Rust\u7279\u6709\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306f80\u5e74\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u65e9\u304f\u3082\u6d41\u884c\u3057\u305f\u6280\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002Lisp\u8a00\u8a9e\u304c\u6d41\u884c\u3089\u305b\u305f\u6982\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308aWikipedia\u901a\u308a\u306b\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u4ed6\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3092\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3068\u3042\u308b\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5909\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6d88\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u30e1\u30bf\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7c21\u5358\u306amacro\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u307f\u308c\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">macro_rules!<\/span> <span class=\"n\">print_ten_lns<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$s<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">expr<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">for<\/span> <span class=\"n\">_<\/span> <span class=\"k\">in<\/span> <span class=\"mi\">0<\/span><span class=\"o\">..<\/span><span class=\"mi\">10<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$s<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"nd\">print_ten_lns!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"Hello world!\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>macro_rules!\u306e\u5f8c\u306bmacro\u540d\u306b\u306a\u308bprint_ten_lns\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6b21\u306b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u5c55\u958b\u5f8c\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>($hoge: &#8230;)\u3068\u306fmacro\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002$\u3092\u982d\u306b\u3057\u3066Macro\u306e\u5909\u6570\u540d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3:\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aMacro\u5909\u6570\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306eMacro\u5909\u6570\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">expr: \u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3002Rust\u3060\u3068\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3053\u308c\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3002let hoge = &#8230;\u306e&#8230;\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">ident: \u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc\u3002let hoge = &#8220;Hello hoge!&#8221;;\u306ehoge\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/ul>\n<p>\u592a\u3044\u77e2\u5370=&gt;\u3068\u30ab\u30fc\u30ea\u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5c55\u958b\u5f8c\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5c55\u958b\u5f8c\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306eMacro\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u6642\u306b\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aRust\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u6570\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b10\u56de\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306e\u6570\u3092\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3089\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u66f8\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">macro_rules!<\/span> <span class=\"n\">printlns<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$s:expr<\/span><span class=\"p\">),<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$<\/span><span class=\"p\">(,)<\/span><span class=\"o\">?<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"nv\">$<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$s<\/span><span class=\"p\">);)<\/span><span class=\"o\">+<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span class=\"nd\">printlns!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"Hello world!\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"Hello Japan!\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"\u4f60\u597d\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u5c11\u3057\u6b63\u898f\u8868\u73fe\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"Hello world!\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"Hello Japan!\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"\u3053\u3093\u306b\u3061\u306f\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"nd\">println!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"s\">\"{}\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\"\u4f60\u597d\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Macro\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3055\u3073\u305f\u9244\u3067\u3082\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3001DRY\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>macro_rules!\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u304d\u3061\u3093\u3068\u3057\u305f\u8aac\u660e\u304c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8cc7\u6599\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>macro_rules!\u3067self\u3092\u53c2\u7167\u3059\u308b<\/h1>\n<p>macro_rules!\u306b\u5236\u9650\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u4e0a\u8ff0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306fself\u306e\u6271\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5236\u9650\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5185\u306emacro\u3067self\u3092\u3069\u3046\u3084\u3063\u3066\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u306e\u304b\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>self\u3092macro\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6e21\u3059<\/h2>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001self\u3092\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5185\u3067macro\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6e21\u3057\u3066\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u3067\u3059\u3002ident\u578b\u306emacro\u5909\u6570\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u6e21\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001Option&lt;Vec&gt;\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306estruct\u306b\u3001\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067Option\u5185\u306e\u914d\u5217\u306b\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u30d7\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001Option&lt;Vec&gt;\u304cNone\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u306e\u914d\u5217\u3092\u5165\u308c\u305f\u4e0a\u3067\u3001\u30d7\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"nd\">macro_rules!<\/span> <span class=\"n\">add_to_vec<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$self<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ident<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$prop<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ident<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$v_key<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ident<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">vec<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$self<\/span>.<span class=\"nv\">$prop<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.get_or_insert<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Vec<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"n\">vec<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.push<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$v_key<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"nv\">$self<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}};<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5185\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ParamBuilder<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">category_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">str<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">Self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"nd\">add_to_vec!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">term_slug_and<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span>\r\n    <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">category_name<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"o\">&amp;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span> <span class=\"nb\">str<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"k\">Self<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">vec<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.term_slug_and<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.get_or_insert<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Vec<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">new<\/span><span class=\"p\">());<\/span>\r\n  <span class=\"n\">vec<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.push<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">s<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"k\">self<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5185\u3067macro_rules!\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066macro\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067\u8907\u6570\u56de\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30ed\u30b8\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u30b3\u30d4\u30da\u30fc\u3057\u3066\u5909\u6570\u540d\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u540d\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d4c\u9a13\u306f\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8aad\u8005\u306f\u5982\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u5185\u3067macro_rules!\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001self\u3092\u76f4\u63a5macro\u306e\u5c55\u958b\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code><span class=\"k\">impl<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">QueryBuilder<\/span><span class=\"o\">&lt;<\/span><span class=\"nv\">'a<\/span><span class=\"o\">&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"k\">pub<\/span> <span class=\"k\">fn<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">query<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"k\">mut<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">-&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"n\">QueryAndValues<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.params<\/span><span class=\"p\">;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"nd\">macro_rules!<\/span> <span class=\"n\">add_if_some_id<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$prop<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">ident<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$query<\/span><span class=\"p\">:<\/span> <span class=\"n\">expr<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"k\">=&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"k\">if<\/span> <span class=\"k\">let<\/span> <span class=\"nf\">Some<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">)<\/span> <span class=\"o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"n\">params<\/span>.<span class=\"nv\">$prop<\/span> <span class=\"p\">{<\/span>\r\n                    <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.query<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.push_str<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$query<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n                    <span class=\"k\">self<\/span><span class=\"py\">.values<\/span><span class=\"nf\">.push<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"nn\">Value<\/span><span class=\"p\">::<\/span><span class=\"nf\">UInt<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">id<\/span><span class=\"p\">));<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"p\">};<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"nd\">add_if_some_id!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">author<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\" AND post_author = ?\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"nd\">add_if_some_id!<\/span><span class=\"p\">(<\/span><span class=\"n\">p<\/span><span class=\"p\">,<\/span> <span class=\"s\">\" AND wp_post.ID = ?\"<\/span><span class=\"p\">);<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"c1\">\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n   <span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"p\">}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u3084\u308a\u65b9\u3060\u3068\u3001self\u3082\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3057\u3001self\u304b\u3089\u629c\u3044\u305fparams\u306e\u5909\u6570\u3082\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u306e\u3067\u3001\u308f\u3056\u308f\u3056$self\u3092\u6e21\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n<h1>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h1>\n<p>macro_rules!\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3001self\u3092macro\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3069\u3046\u6271\u3046\u304b\u3082\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u53c2\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>DRY\uff08\u540c\u3058\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3059\u306a\uff09\u3092\u5fb9\u5e95\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u7528\u306amacro_rules!\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u306fwp_query_rs\u3067\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306emacro\u3067200\u884c\u307b\u3069\u77ed\u7e2e\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8208\u5473\u3042\u308b\u65b9\u306f\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3082\u516c\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305c\u3072\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b46\u8005\u306f\u3001The Book\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3060\u3051\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u3001Rust\u306emacro_rules!\u304c\u4e0a\u7d1a\u8005\u5411\u3051\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u306f\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u4f7f\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001Jon Gjengset\u3055\u3093\u306eCrust of Rust\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u306eCrust of Rust: Declarative Macros\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3089\u3001\u6848\u5916\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u306a\u3068\u6539\u3081\u3066\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u306eRustacean\u305f\u3061\u3082\u3044\u304b\u304c\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1fmacro_rules!\u3092\u73fe\u5834\u3067\u4f7f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30cf\u30a4\u30b5\u30a4\uff01\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u3084\u3044\u3073\u30fc\u3093\uff01 \u6982\u8981 Rust\u306emacro_rules!\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3001struct\u306eimpl\u30e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>- Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45191-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u30cf\u30a4\u30b5\u30a4\uff01\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u3084\u3044\u3073\u30fc\u3093\uff01 \u6982\u8981 Rust\u306emacro_rules!\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3001struct\u306eimpl\u30e1 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/45191-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - Silicon Cloud\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-01-17T14:16:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-28T22:43:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u79d1, \u96c5\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u79d1, \u96c5\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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