{"id":44442,"date":"2023-05-03T03:15:59","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T22:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/go%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85%e5%a4%87%e5%bf%98%e5%bd%95-%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T02:22:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T18:22:54","slug":"go%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85%e5%a4%87%e5%bf%98%e5%bd%95-%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/go%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b9%8b%e6%97%85%e5%a4%87%e5%bf%98%e5%bd%95-%e5%b9%b6%e5%8f%91\/","title":{"rendered":"Go\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u65c5\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55 – \u5e76\u53d1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Go\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u89c8\u7b14\u8bb0-\u5e76\u53d1<\/h1>\n

\u9996\u5148<\/h2>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u5b78\u7fd2Go\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u300aGo\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u65c5\u300b\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u6211\u6703\u5c07\u95dc\u65bc\u4e26\u767c\u6027\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5b78\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5beb\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6c47\u603b\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5<\/h2>\n

\u7b46\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 VSCode<\/p>\n

\u8fd9(volitional)\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613.<\/h3>\n

\u5149\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u5230”\u7c7b\u578b”\u4e00\u680f<\/p>\n

chan<\/span> type<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u4e49\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/h3>\n
\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6e38\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e86cs\u6240\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684vase\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
select<\/span> {<\/span>\r\ncase<\/span> condition<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u628a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u5730\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/h3>\n
\u4e00<\/p>\n
type<\/span> name<\/span> interface<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u9644\u6ce8<\/h2>\n
\u7f13\u51b2\u901a\u9053<\/h3>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9891\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728make\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b58\u50a8\u8d85\u51fa\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
ch<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    c<\/span> <-<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n    c<\/span> <-<\/span> 1<\/span> \/\/ fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span><-<\/span>c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span><-<\/span>c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u8fd1<\/h3>\n
for<\/span> i<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> c<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\/\/ for\u6587\u3067\u66f8\u304f\u3068...<\/span>\r\nfor<\/span> i<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>c<\/span>;<\/span> ok<\/span>;<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n  i<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> =<\/span> <-<\/span>c<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n
\u5173\u4e8eselect\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u3002\u5728A Tour of Go\u4e2d\uff0cselect\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u67d0\u4e2acase\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \u9001\u4fe1\u6642: \u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30d1\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u7a7a\u304d\u304c\u3042\u308b\u72b6\u614b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \u53d7\u8a3a\u6642: \u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u306b\u5024\u304c\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u72b6\u614b<\/ul>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bed\u53e5\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c06\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u9ed8\u8ba4\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n
        \u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6709\u65e0\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n
        \u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8etime.Sleep\u5bfc\u81f4\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5c1a\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
        c<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ngo<\/span> func<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    time<\/span>.<\/span>Sleep<\/span>(<\/span>1000<\/span> *<\/span> time<\/span>.<\/span>Millisecond<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span><-<\/span>c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}()<\/span>\r\n\r\nselect<\/span> {<\/span>\r\ncase<\/span> c<\/span> <-<\/span> 0<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>\"send\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndefault<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>\"default\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53e5\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\uff0c1\u79d2\u540e\u5c06\u8f93\u51fasend\uff08\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u5c06\u963b\u585e\u5904\u7406\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u901a\u9053\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa send\u3002
        \n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 goroutine \u5185\u7684 fmt.Println(<-c) \u8fd9\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
        c<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u9009\u62e9(select)\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n
        \u540c\u6837\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u8fb9\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
            default \u53e5\u304c\u3042\u308b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            default\u304c\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n
            default \u53e5\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/p>\n
            \u4e00\u79d2\u5f85\u6a5f\u5f8c\u3001receive\u304c\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n
            c<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\ngo<\/span> func<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    time<\/span>.<\/span>Sleep<\/span>(<\/span>1000<\/span> *<\/span> time<\/span>.<\/span>Millisecond<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    c<\/span> <-<\/span> 0<\/span>\r\n}()<\/span>\r\n\r\nselect<\/span> {<\/span>\r\ncase<\/span> <-<\/span>c<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>\"receive\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndefault<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>\"default\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6811<\/h3>\n
            \u6392\u5e8f\u4e8c\u5206\u6811\u662f\u6307<\/h4>\n
            \u5728Go\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a<\/p>\n
            \u95a2\u6570 tree.New(k) \u306f\u3001\u5024( k, 2k, 3k, ..., 10k )\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3001\r\n\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u5316 (\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5e38\u306b\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059) \u3057\u305f\u4e8c\u5206\u6728\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u8fd9\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5206\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
            \n\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u94fe\u63a5\u91cc\u4e5f\u5199\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba8\u538c\u5267\u900f\u7684\u4eba\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n
            \u5173\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
            \u5728\u7ec3\u4e60\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3002
            \n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8bd5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528 testing \u5305\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002
            \n\u5173\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u65ad\u8a00\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u5728 vscode \u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002
            \n\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
                \u968f\u610f\u5730\u53bb\u83b7\u53d6 github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/assert \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u7531\u4e8e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cGo \u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u65ad\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u521b\u5efa ${\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d}_test.go \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u4e60\u60ef\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5305\u540d\u4e0e\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u79c1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5bfc\u5165 testing \u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                – \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002
                \n\u5728 launch.json \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002
                \n\u5728 Run \u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u540e\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a
                \n\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n
                package<\/span> main<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    \"golang.org\/x\/tour\/tree\"<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> walk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>tree<\/span>.<\/span>Tree<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span> chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> t<\/span>.<\/span>Left<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        walk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>.<\/span>Left<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    c<\/span> <-<\/span> t<\/span>.<\/span>Value<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> t<\/span>.<\/span>Right<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        walk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>.<\/span>Right<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> Walk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>tree<\/span>.<\/span>Tree<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span> chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    walk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>,<\/span> c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    close<\/span>(<\/span>c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> Same<\/span>(<\/span>t1<\/span>,<\/span> t2<\/span> *<\/span>tree<\/span>.<\/span>Tree<\/span>)<\/span> bool<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    c1<\/span>,<\/span> c2<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>),<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    go<\/span> Walk<\/span>(<\/span>t1<\/span>,<\/span> c1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    go<\/span> Walk<\/span>(<\/span>t2<\/span>,<\/span> c2<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    for<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        v1<\/span>,<\/span> ok1<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>c1<\/span>\r\n        v2<\/span>,<\/span> ok2<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>c2<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> !<\/span>ok1<\/span> ||<\/span> !<\/span>ok2<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            break<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> v1<\/span> !=<\/span> v2<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> false<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8003\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n
                package<\/span> main<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    \"testing\"<\/span>\r\n    \"github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/assert\"<\/span>\r\n    \"golang.org\/x\/tour\/tree\"<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> createdExpectedSlice<\/span>(<\/span>k<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span> (<\/span>result<\/span> []<\/span>int<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    expected<\/span> :=<\/span> []<\/span>int<\/span>{<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n    for<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> v<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> expected<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        result<\/span> =<\/span> append<\/span>(<\/span>result<\/span>,<\/span> v<\/span>*<\/span>k<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> TestWalk<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>Run<\/span>(<\/span>\"Double\"<\/span>,<\/span> func<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        k<\/span> :=<\/span> 2<\/span>\r\n        expected<\/span> :=<\/span> createdExpectedSlice<\/span>(<\/span>k<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        c<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        go<\/span> Walk<\/span>(<\/span>tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>k<\/span>),<\/span> c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        for<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> e<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> expected<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            v<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>c<\/span>\r\n            if<\/span> ok<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                assert<\/span>.<\/span>Equal<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>,<\/span> e<\/span>,<\/span> v<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    })<\/span>\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>Run<\/span>(<\/span>\"Triple\"<\/span>,<\/span> func<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        k<\/span> :=<\/span> 3<\/span>\r\n        expected<\/span> :=<\/span> createdExpectedSlice<\/span>(<\/span>k<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        c<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>chan<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        go<\/span> Walk<\/span>(<\/span>tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>k<\/span>),<\/span> c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        for<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> e<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> expected<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            v<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> :=<\/span> <-<\/span>c<\/span>\r\n            if<\/span> ok<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                assert<\/span>.<\/span>Equal<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>,<\/span> e<\/span>,<\/span> v<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    })<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> TestSame<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>Run<\/span>(<\/span>\"Same tree\"<\/span>,<\/span> func<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        t1<\/span> :=<\/span> tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        t2<\/span> :=<\/span> tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        assert<\/span>.<\/span>True<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>,<\/span> Same<\/span>(<\/span>t1<\/span>,<\/span> t2<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n    })<\/span>\r\n\r\n    t<\/span>.<\/span>Run<\/span>(<\/span>\"Different tree\"<\/span>,<\/span> func<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span> *<\/span>testing<\/span>.<\/span>T<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        t1<\/span> :=<\/span> tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        t2<\/span> :=<\/span> tree<\/span>.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        assert<\/span>.<\/span>False<\/span>(<\/span>t<\/span>,<\/span> Same<\/span>(<\/span>t1<\/span>,<\/span> t2<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n    })<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u4e3a\u4e86\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u9644\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
                === RUN   TestWalk\r\n=== RUN   TestWalk\/Double\r\n=== RUN   TestWalk\/Triple\r\n--- PASS: TestWalk (0.00s)\r\n    --- PASS: TestWalk\/Double (0.00s)\r\n    --- PASS: TestWalk\/Triple (0.00s)\r\n=== RUN   TestSame\r\n=== RUN   TestSame\/Same_tree\r\n=== RUN   TestSame\/Different_tree\r\n--- PASS: TestSame (0.00s)\r\n    --- PASS: TestSame\/Same_tree (0.00s)\r\n    --- PASS: TestSame\/Different_tree (0.00s)\r\nPASS\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u540c\u6b65\u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/h3>\n
                \u4eceInc\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6Lock\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u81f4\u547d\u9519\u8bef\uff1aconcurrent map writes\u3002
                \n\u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u89e3\u9501\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n
                \u5728Go\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b49\u5f85goroutine\u5185\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528time.Sleep(time.Second)\u3002
                \n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528sync.WaitGroup\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349goroutine\u5185\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
                \n\u5173\u4e8eWaitGroup\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u3002<\/p>\n
                package<\/span> main<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    \"fmt\"<\/span>\r\n    \"sync\"<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n\r\ntype<\/span> Fetcher<\/span> interface<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ Fetch returns the body of URL and<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ a slice of URLs found on that page.<\/span>\r\n    Fetch<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span> string<\/span>)<\/span> (<\/span>body<\/span> string<\/span>,<\/span> urls<\/span> []<\/span>string<\/span>,<\/span> err<\/span> error<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> Crawl<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span> string<\/span>,<\/span> depth<\/span> int<\/span>,<\/span> fetcher<\/span> Fetcher<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    fetched<\/span> :=<\/span> make<\/span>(<\/span>map<\/span>[<\/span>string<\/span>]<\/span>bool<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    var<\/span> mu<\/span> sync<\/span>.<\/span>Mutex<\/span>\r\n    wg<\/span> :=<\/span> sync<\/span>.<\/span>WaitGroup<\/span>{}<\/span>\r\n    wg<\/span>.<\/span>Add<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    go<\/span> crawl<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span>,<\/span> depth<\/span>,<\/span> fetcher<\/span>,<\/span> fetched<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>mu<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>wg<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    wg<\/span>.<\/span>Wait<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>fetched<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ Crawl uses fetcher to recursively crawl<\/span>\r\n\/\/ pages starting with url, to a maximum of depth.<\/span>\r\nfunc<\/span> crawl<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span> string<\/span>,<\/span> depth<\/span> int<\/span>,<\/span> fetcher<\/span> Fetcher<\/span>,<\/span> fetched<\/span> map<\/span>[<\/span>string<\/span>]<\/span>bool<\/span>,<\/span> mu<\/span> *<\/span>sync<\/span>.<\/span>Mutex<\/span>,<\/span> wg<\/span> *<\/span>sync<\/span>.<\/span>WaitGroup<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    mu<\/span>.<\/span>Lock<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    defer<\/span> mu<\/span>.<\/span>Unlock<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    defer<\/span> wg<\/span>.<\/span>Done<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ This implementation doesn't do either:<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> depth<\/span> <=<\/span> 0<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    body<\/span>,<\/span> urls<\/span>,<\/span> err<\/span> :=<\/span> fetcher<\/span>.<\/span>Fetch<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> err<\/span> !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>err<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"found: %s %q<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> url<\/span>,<\/span> body<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n    fetched<\/span>[<\/span>url<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n\r\n    for<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> u<\/span> :=<\/span> range<\/span> urls<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> _<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> :=<\/span> (<\/span>fetched<\/span>)[<\/span>u<\/span>];<\/span> !<\/span>ok<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            wg<\/span>.<\/span>Add<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n            go<\/span> crawl<\/span>(<\/span>u<\/span>,<\/span> depth<\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> fetcher<\/span>,<\/span> fetched<\/span>,<\/span> mu<\/span>,<\/span> wg<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    Crawl<\/span>(<\/span>\"https:\/\/golang.org\/\"<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> fetcher<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ fakeFetcher is Fetcher that returns canned results.<\/span>\r\ntype<\/span> fakeFetcher<\/span> map<\/span>[<\/span>string<\/span>]<\/span>*<\/span>fakeResult<\/span>\r\n\r\ntype<\/span> fakeResult<\/span> struct<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    body<\/span> string<\/span>\r\n    urls<\/span> []<\/span>string<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nfunc<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> fakeFetcher<\/span>)<\/span> Fetch<\/span>(<\/span>url<\/span> string<\/span>)<\/span> (<\/span>string<\/span>,<\/span> []<\/span>string<\/span>,<\/span> error<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> res<\/span>,<\/span> ok<\/span> :=<\/span> f<\/span>[<\/span>url<\/span>];<\/span> ok<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> res<\/span>.<\/span>body<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>.<\/span>urls<\/span>,<\/span> nil<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> \"\"<\/span>,<\/span> nil<\/span>,<\/span> fmt<\/span>.<\/span>Errorf<\/span>(<\/span>\"not found: %s\"<\/span>,<\/span> url<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ fetcher is a populated fakeFetcher.<\/span>\r\nvar<\/span> fetcher<\/span> =<\/span> fakeFetcher<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n    \"https:\/\/golang.org\/\"<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>fakeResult<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n        \"The Go Programming Language\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        []<\/span>string<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/cmd\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/\"<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>fakeResult<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n        \"Packages\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        []<\/span>string<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/cmd\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/fmt\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/os\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/fmt\/\"<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>fakeResult<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n        \"Package fmt\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        []<\/span>string<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/os\/\"<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>fakeResult<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n        \"Package os\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        []<\/span>string<\/span>{<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"https:\/\/golang.org\/pkg\/\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        },<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u611f\u89c9<\/h3>\n
                \u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7b97\u6cd5\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4ee5\u6218\u6597\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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