{"id":43319,"date":"2023-08-19T02:32:40","date_gmt":"2023-12-02T12:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8prometheus%e5%92%8cblackbox-exporter%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e6%ad%bb%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T19:08:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T11:08:36","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8prometheus%e5%92%8cblackbox-exporter%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e6%ad%bb%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8prometheus%e5%92%8cblackbox-exporter%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e6%ad%bb%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\u548cBlackbox Exporter\u8fdb\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u76d1\u63a7"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

Prometheus \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f00\u6e90\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u8fdb\u884cPull\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
          \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6b63\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a”PromQL”\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \u5b83\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u3002Prometheus\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cGUI\u90e8\u5206\u7531Grafana\u62c5\u5f53\uff0c\u8b66\u62a5\u90e8\u5206\u7531AlertManagert\u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u62c5\u5f53\u3002<\/ol>\n

            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aBlackbox Exporter\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b58\u4ea1\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u7ef4Prometheus\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u6587\u7ae0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u642d\u5efa\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u517c\u4f5c\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5efa\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n

            \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5b98\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Docker\u955c\u50cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fDocker Compose\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

            .\/docker-compose.yml \u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\uff1aDocker Compose\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

            version<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>2'<\/span>\r\nservices<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  prometheus<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    image<\/span>:<\/span> prom\/prometheus:latest<\/span>\r\n    ports<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> 9090:9090<\/span>\r\n    volumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> data-prometheus:\/prometheus<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> .\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml:\/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml<\/span>\r\n    command<\/span>:<\/span> -config.file=\/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml -storage.local.path=\/prometheus -web.console.libraries=\/usr\/share\/prometheus\/console_libraries -web.console.templates=\/usr\/share\/prometheus\/consoles<\/span>\r\n\r\n  blackbox_exporter<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    image<\/span>:<\/span> prom\/blackbox-exporter:latest<\/span>\r\n    volumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> .\/blackbox_exporter\/config.yml:\/etc\/blackbox_exporter\/config.yml<\/span>\r\n\r\nvolumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  data-prometheus<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    driver<\/span>:<\/span> local<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u9ed1\u5323\u5b50\u5bfc\u51fa\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/h1>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528 GitHub \u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684 Blackbox Exporter \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7b49\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
            .\/\u9ed1\u5323\u5b50\u5bfc\u51fa\u5668\/\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6.yml<\/p>\n
            modules<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  http_2xx<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> http<\/span>\r\n    http<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  http_post_2xx<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> http<\/span>\r\n    http<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      method<\/span>:<\/span> POST<\/span>\r\n  tcp_connect<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> tcp<\/span>\r\n  pop3s_banner<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> tcp<\/span>\r\n    tcp<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      query_response<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> expect<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>^+OK\"<\/span>\r\n      tls<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n      tls_config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        insecure_skip_verify<\/span>:<\/span> false<\/span>\r\n  ssh_banner<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> tcp<\/span>\r\n    tcp<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      query_response<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> expect<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>^SSH-2.0-\"<\/span>\r\n  irc_banner<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> tcp<\/span>\r\n    tcp<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      query_response<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> send<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>NICK<\/span> prober\"<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> send<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>USER<\/span> prober<\/span> prober<\/span> prober<\/span> :prober\"<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> expect<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>PING<\/span> :([^<\/span> ]+)\"<\/span>\r\n        send<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>PONG<\/span> ${1}\"<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> expect<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>^:[^<\/span> ]+<\/span> 001\"<\/span>\r\n  icmp<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    prober<\/span>:<\/span> icmp<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u666e\u7f57\u7c73\u4fee\u65af\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/h1>\n
            \u5728scrape_configs\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5404\u4e3b\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u7684\u8bdd<\/h3>\n
            \u8bf7\u5c06http_2xx\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728targets\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6eURL\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bf7\u590d\u7528Prometheus Configuration\u3002\u5728replacement\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6eBlackbox Exporter\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff089115\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
            .\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u610f\u601d\u662f.\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\u3002<\/p>\n
            scrape_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  -<\/span> job_name<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>blackbox_http'<\/span>\r\n    metrics_path<\/span>:<\/span> \/probe<\/span>\r\n    params<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      module<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>http_2xx<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    static_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> targets<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        -<\/span> http:\/\/example.com:8080<\/span>\r\n    relabel_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__address__<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __param_target<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__param_target<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> instance<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __address__<\/span>\r\n        replacement<\/span>:<\/span> blackbox_exporter:9115<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u5982\u679c\u8981\u4f7f\u7528ICMP<\/h3>\n
            \u8bf7\u5c06 ICMP \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5728 targets \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e IP \u5730\u5740\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
            .\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
            scrape_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  -<\/span> job_name<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>blackbox_icmp'<\/span>\r\n    metrics_path<\/span>:<\/span> \/probe<\/span>\r\n    params<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      module<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>icmp<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    static_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> targets<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        -<\/span> example.com<\/span>\r\n    relabel_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__address__<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __param_target<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__param_target<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> instance<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __address__<\/span>\r\n        replacement<\/span>:<\/span> blackbox_exporter:9115<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684TCP\uff0c<\/h3>\n
            \u8bf7\u5c06tcp_connect\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5728targets\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
            .\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff1a”.\/prometheus\/prometheus\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6”<\/p>\n
            scrape_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  -<\/span> job_name<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>blackbox'<\/span>\r\n    metrics_path<\/span>:<\/span> \/probe<\/span>\r\n    params<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      module<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>tcp_connect<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    static_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> targets<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        -<\/span> example.com:1666<\/span>\r\n    relabel_configs<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__address__<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __param_target<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> source_labels<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>__param_target<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n        target_label<\/span>:<\/span> instance<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> target_label<\/span>:<\/span> __address__<\/span>\r\n        replacement<\/span>:<\/span> blackbox_exporter:9115<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528<\/h1>\n
            \u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770bprobe_success\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4e3a1\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4e3a0\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n
            \"20170823172251.png\"<\/div>\n
            \u5982\u679c\u5728Prometheus\u7684\u8b66\u62a5\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5219\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u8d85\u8fc72\u5206\u949f\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u8b66\u62a5\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5b9e\u9645\u8b66\u62a5\u901a\u77e5\uff0cAlertManager\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7701\u7565\u5bf9\u8be5\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
            ALERT probe_down\r\n  IF probe_success == 0\r\n  FOR 2m\r\n  LABELS { severity = \"critical\" }\r\n  ANNOTATIONS {\r\n    summary = \"Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down\",\r\n    description = \"{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 2 minutes.\",\r\n  }\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u6700\u540e<\/h1>\n
            \u8bf7\u4eab\u53d7\u8212\u9002\u7684Prometheus\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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