{"id":43226,"date":"2023-09-18T16:19:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T15:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/grafana%e5%92%8cprometheus\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T00:22:03","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T16:22:03","slug":"grafana%e5%92%8cprometheus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/grafana%e5%92%8cprometheus\/","title":{"rendered":"Grafana\u548cPrometheus"},"content":{"rendered":"

VirtualBox 6 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/h1>\n

\u5ba2\u5e95\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aCentOS Linux\u53d1\u5e037.5.1804\u7248\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u7248\uff09<\/p>\n

\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684[\u8bbe\u7f6e] -> [\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e]
\n\u5206\u914d\uff1aNAT
\n[\u9ad8\u7ea7] -> [\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1]
\nSSH\uff1aTCP 1022 -> 22
\nPromethus GUI\uff1aTCP 19090 -> 9090
\nGrafana GUI\uff1aTCP 13000 -> 3000<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5757\u7248\u672c\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7248\u672c<\/h1>\n

\u666e\u7f57\u7c73\u4fee\u65af\uff1a2.14.0
\n\u5305\uff1aprometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz<\/p>\n

Node exporter: 0.18.1
\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1anode_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz<\/p>\n

Grafana\u7248\u672c\uff1a6.4.4
\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1agrafana-6.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm<\/p>\n

CentOS\u5b89\u88c5<\/h1>\n

\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e2d\u5141\u8bb8 http \u548c https<\/h2>\n

\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8d44\u6599\u5e93<\/p>\n

$ <\/span>systemctl status firewalld  # active (runnig)<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --list-all<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-service<\/span>=<\/span>http\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-service<\/span>=<\/span>https\r\n\r\n# \u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u8a31\u53ef<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-port<\/span>=<\/span>22\/tcp\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-port<\/span>=<\/span>9090\/tcp\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-port<\/span>=<\/span>9100\/tcp\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --permanent<\/span> --add-port<\/span>=<\/span>3000\/tcp\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --list-ports<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>firewall-cmd --reload<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>systemctl stop firewalld  # \u4ee5\u4e0b\u691c\u8a3c\u74b0\u5883<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>systemctl is-enabled firewalld  # enabled\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u4e0b\u8a18\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>systemctl disable firewalld\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>systemctl is-enabled firewalld\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Prometheus\u5b89\u88c5<\/h1>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9
\n\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7b49\u5747\u4e3aroot<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>cd<\/span> \/tmp\r\n$ <\/span>curl -LO<\/span> https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/prometheus\/releases\/download\/v2.14.0\/prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\r\n$ <\/span>tar <\/span>xvzf prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz\r\n$ <\/span>sudo cp<\/span> -r<\/span> prometheus-2.14.0.linux-amd64 \/etc\/prometheus\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u666e\u7f57\u7c73\u4fee\u65af\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u6362\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/prometheus start\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/prometheus status\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/prometheus stop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u5bf9Prometheus\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h1>\n
\"1.JPG\"<\/div>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u6267\u884c PromQL<\/h1>\n
\u5728\u6807\u6709”Expression”\u7684\u6846\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb”Execute”\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u7ebf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\n\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f: \u4e0a\u7ebf
\n\u5143\u7d20: \u4e0a\u7ebf{\u5b9e\u4f8b=”localhost:9090″,\u4efb\u52a1=”prometheus”}
\n\u6570\u503c: 1<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u3001\u79d2\u7b49\uff09
\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1aprocess_resident_memory_bytes
\n\u5143\u7d20\uff1aprocess_resident_memory_bytes{instance=”localhost:9090″,job=”prometheus”}
\n\u503c\uff1a49057792<\/p>\n
\u51fa\u53e3\u5546<\/h1>\n
\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5217\u8868: \u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Node exporter\u3002<\/h1>\n
$ <\/span>cd<\/span> \/tmp\r\n$ <\/span>curl -LO<\/span> https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter\/releases\/download\/v0.18.1\/node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz\r\n$ <\/span>tar <\/span>xvzf node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz\r\n$ <\/span>sudo cp<\/span> -r<\/span> node_exporter-0.18.1.linux-amd64 \/etc\/node_exporter\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003Node exporter\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>vim \/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/node_exporter  # \u8d77\u52d5\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo chmod<\/span> +x \/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/node_exporter\r\n$ <\/span>sudo mkdir<\/span> \/var\/log\/node_exporter\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/node_exporter start  # \u8d77\u52d5\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u306b\u3066\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30c8<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/node_exporter status\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>chkconfig node_exporter on\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>vim \/etc\/logrotate.d\/node_exporter  # \u30ed\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30c8\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>vim \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml  # Prometheus \u8a2d\u5b9a\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u8ffd\u8a18<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/prometheus\/promtool check config \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml\r\nChecking \/etc\/prometheus\/prometheus.yml \r\n  SUCCESS: 0 rule files found\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/prometheus reload\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ecePrometheus\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
\n\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1anode_memory_Cached_bytes
\n\u5143\u7d20\uff1anode_memory_Cached_bytes{instance=”localhost:9100″,job=”node”}
\n\u503c\uff1a996540416<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Grafana\u5e76\u4e0ePrometheus\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/h1>\n
$ <\/span>wget https:\/\/dl.grafana.com\/oss\/release\/grafana-6.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>yum install <\/span>initscripts urw-fonts\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>rpm -Uvh<\/span> grafana-6.4.4-1.x86_64.rpm\r\n$ <\/span>sudo<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/grafana-server start\r\n$ <\/span>sudo <\/span>chkconfig grafana-server on\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u767b\u5f55\u5230 http:\/\/localhost:13000\/\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 admin\/admin \u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5bc6\u7801\u66f4\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6e90<\/h2>\n
\"datasource.JPG\"<\/div>\n
\u70b9\u51fb\u3010\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3011\u6309\u94ae\uff0c\u4f1a\u663e\u793a”\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6b63\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/h2>\n
\"dashboard.JPG\"<\/div>\n
\u73af\u5883\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
$ <\/span>cat<\/span> \/etc\/sysconfig\/grafana-server\r\nGRAFANA_USER<\/span>=<\/span>grafana\r\n\r\nGRAFANA_GROUP<\/span>=<\/span>grafana\r\n\r\nGRAFANA_HOME<\/span>=<\/span>\/usr\/share\/grafana\r\n\r\nLOG_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/var\/log\/grafana\r\n\r\nDATA_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/var\/lib\/grafana\r\n\r\nMAX_OPEN_FILES<\/span>=<\/span>10000\r\n\r\nCONF_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/grafana\r\n\r\nCONF_FILE<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini\r\n\r\nRESTART_ON_UPGRADE<\/span>=<\/span>true\r\n\r\n<\/span>PLUGINS_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/var\/lib\/grafana\/plugins\r\n\r\nPROVISIONING_CFG_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/etc\/grafana\/provisioning\r\n\r\n# Only used on systemd systems<\/span>\r\nPID_FILE_DIR<\/span>=<\/span>\/var\/run\/grafana\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9 \/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini \u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a
\nGrafana \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/grafana\/grafana.ini \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
PromQL (Prometheus Query Language) \u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86node_exporter\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08localhost:9100\uff09\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
node_network_receive_bytes_total\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u603b\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
ElementValuenode_network_receive_bytes_total{device=”enp0s3″,instance=”localhost:9100″,job=”node”}54247node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=”lo”,instance=”localhost:9100″,job=”node”}354136node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=”virbr0″,instance=”localhost:9100″,job=”node”}0node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=”virbr0-nic”,instance=”localhost:9100″,job=”node”}0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5e26\u6709virbr\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u7684node_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~”virbr.+”}<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0edevice\u4e3avirbr0\u6216virbr0-nic\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1anode_network_receive_bytes_total{device=~”virbr0|virbr0-nic”}<\/p>\n
\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
\u67e5\u8be2”node_network_receive_bytes_total”\u548c”node_network_transmit_bytes_total”\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002{__name__=~”node_network_(receive|transmit)_bytes_total”}<\/p>\n
rate() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/h2>\n
    counter\u306e\u307f\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/ul>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201cnode_network_receive_bytes_total\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u7d2f\u79ef\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6bcf10\u5206\u949f\u7684\u503c
    \nrate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[10m])<\/p>\n
    \u6392\u884c\u699c<\/h2>\n
    \u8fd4\u56de\u4e94\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
    topk\uff085, \u6700\u5927\uff0830\u5206\u949f\u5185node_network_receive_bytes_total\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff09\uff09<\/p>\n
    \u7b26\u53f7\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h2>\n
    \u4e0b\u5217\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
    \nrate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[10m]) + 1000 \/ 10 * 20 – 5 ^ 2 % 2<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9”\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50”\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u672c\u571f\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h2>\n
    \u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/p>\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff1a\u76f8\u7b49\uff08==\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u7b49\uff08!=\uff09\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\uff08>\uff09\u3001\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\uff08>=\uff09\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e\uff08<\uff09\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\uff08<=\uff09\u3002
    \nrate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[10m]) \u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e 0
    \nrate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[10m]) \u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e 1000<\/p>\n
    \u5206\u7ec4<\/h2>\n
    \u83b7\u53d6”localhost:9100″\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u603b\u548c\u3002
    \n\u6309\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u7ec4\u8ba1\u7b97node_network_receive_bytes_total\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002
    \n\u6309\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u7ec4\u8ba1\u7b97node_network_receive_bytes_total\u7684\u901f\u7387\u603b\u548c\uff08\u57285\u5206\u949f\u5185\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8ba1\u91cf\u4eea\u8868<\/h2>\n
      \u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u305f\u7bc4\u56f2\u306e\u5024\u304c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306a\u3069\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u3002<\/ul>\n
      max_over_time\u3001min_over_time\u3001avg_over_time\u51fd\u6570\u3002
      \nmax_over_time(node_memory_MemFree_bytes[5m])
      \n\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cnode_memory_MemFree_bytes[5m]\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6211\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9<\/h1>\n
        \n
      • \n
          https:\/\/qiita.com\/tiida26\/items\/d251fb42f7f2d8a68374<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            https:\/\/medium.com\/@valyala\/promql-tutorial-for-beginners-9ab455142085<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            VirtualBox 6 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002 \u5ba2\u5e95\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aCentOS Linux\u53d1\u5e037.5.1804\u7248\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u7248\uff09 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nGrafana\u548cPrometheus - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/grafana\u548cprometheus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Grafana\u548cPrometheus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VirtualBox 6 \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002 \u5ba2\u5e95\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aCentOS Linux\u53d1\u5e037.5.1804\u7248\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u7248\uff09 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/grafana\u548cprometheus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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