{"id":43008,"date":"2023-07-18T10:04:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T06:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ansible%e6%9d%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%balinux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e5%af%86%e9%92%a5%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T14:10:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T06:10:11","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ansible%e6%9d%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%balinux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e5%af%86%e9%92%a5%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8ansible%e6%9d%a5%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%balinux%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e5%af%86%e9%92%a5%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u6765\u521b\u5efaLinux\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662fHamee Advent Calendar\u7b2c18\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u662fAnsible Advent Calendar\u7b2c18\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u6700\u521d\u6211\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5165\u804c\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8f6c\u884c\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u5927\u7ea6\u534a\u5e74\u4e86\u3002
\n\u8003\u8651\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5373\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53bb\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\n\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Chef\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e5f\u60f3\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u7684Ansible\u3002<\/p>\n

Ansible\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u8f85\u52a9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0eChef\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u6765\u521b\u5efaLinux\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eSSH\u5bc6\u94a5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

Ansible \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/h2>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5728\u624d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46Ansible\u662f\u4e0eChef\u3001Puppet\u7b49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a\u867d\u7136Chef\u548cPuppet\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002Ansible\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u6e05\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5267\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u547d\u4ee4\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u8bdd<\/h2>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201ctestuser\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u672c\u5730\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n

ssh-keygen -t rsa\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a
\n\u79c1\u94a5\uff1aid_rsa
\n\u516c\u94a5\uff1aid_rsa.pub<\/p>\n
\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u540e\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
useradd testuser\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65b0\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55, \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
mkdir -p home\/testuser\/.ssh\/\r\nchmod 700 home\/testuser\/.ssh\r\nchmod 600 home\/testuser\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u201cauthorized_keys\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7c98\u8d34\u516c\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n
echo id_rsa.pub >> .ssh\/authorized_keys\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6388\u4e88sudo\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n
visudo\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
testuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u7f16\u5199<\/h2>\n
\u5b89\u88c5ansible<\/h3>\n
\u5b89\u88c5epel<\/p>\n
wget https:\/\/dl.fedoraproject.org\/pub\/epel\/6\/x86_64\/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
rpm -Uvh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Ansible<\/p>\n
yum install ansible\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/h3>\n
\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ainventory\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002
\n\u901a\u5e38\u521b\u5efa\u540d\u4e3ahosts\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
[web]\r\n#\u3053\u3053\u306b\u5bfe\u8c61\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u5165\u308c\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u4e49\uff1a\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1ping\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u7545\u3002<\/h3>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\u80fd\u5426\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
ansible \uff08\u5bfe\u8c61\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\uff09 -m ping -i hosts -u \uff08\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\uff09 --private-key=\"\uff08\u79d8\u5bc6\u9375\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\uff09\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u767b\u5f55\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e10\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u79c1\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230\u4e86pong\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u5bfe\u8c61\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9) | success >> {\r\n    \"changed\": false,\r\n    \"ping\": \"pong\"\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff08playbook\uff09\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<\/h3>\n
\u5c06\u5185\u5bb9\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 yml \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u6267\u884c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff08playbook.yml\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\uff08task\uff09\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\nname \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u5199\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
\n\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u5757\uff08Module\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
-<\/span> hosts<\/span>:<\/span> all<\/span>\r\n  sudo<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n  tasks<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> add a new user<\/span>      #Linux\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n      user<\/span>:<\/span> name=testuser2 state=present<\/span>\r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mkdir .ssh<\/span>          #.ssh\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c0\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n      file<\/span>:<\/span> dest=\/home\/testuser2\/.ssh\/ state=directory owner=testuser2 group=testuser2 mode=700<\/span>\r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> add authorized keys<\/span> #.ssh\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306bauthorized_keys\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n      file<\/span>:<\/span> dest=\/home\/testuser2\/.ssh\/authorized_keys state=touch owner=testuser2 group=testuser2 mode=600<\/span>\r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> copy publickey<\/span>     #\u516c\u958b\u9375\u3092\u8cbc\u4ed8\u3051<\/span>\r\n      copy<\/span>:<\/span> src=~\/id_rsa.pub dest=\/home\/testuser2\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c (sh\u00ed<\/h3>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
ansible-playbook -i hosts playbook.yml -u \uff08\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\uff09 --private-key=\"\uff08\u79d8\u5bc6\u9375\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\uff09\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e10\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
PLAY [all] ********************************************************************\r\n\r\nGATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************\r\nok: [52.69.41.106]\r\n\r\nTASK: [add a new user] ********************************************************\r\nchanged: [52.69.41.106]\r\n\r\nTASK: [mkdir .ssh] ************************************************************\r\nchanged: [52.69.41.106]\r\n\r\nTASK: [add authorized keys] ***************************************************\r\nchanged: [52.69.41.106]\r\n\r\nTASK: [copy publickey] ********************************************************\r\nchanged: [52.69.41.106]\r\n\r\nPLAY RECAP ********************************************************************\r\n52.69.41.106               : ok=5    changed=4    unreachable=0    failed=0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u90a3\u6837\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
[web]\r\n(\u5bfe\u8c61\u306eIP\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9) \r\n\r\n[all:vars]\r\nansible_ssh_user=\uff08\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u3078\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\uff09\r\nansible_ssh_private_key_file=\uff08\u79d8\u5bc6\u9375\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\uff09\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4 (sh\u00ed zh\u01d0<\/p>\n
ansible-playbook -i hosts playbook.yml\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bd5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528vars\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u7528{{}}\u5305\u56f4\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
-<\/span> hosts<\/span>:<\/span> all<\/span>\r\n  sudo<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n\r\n  vars<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    -<\/span> username<\/span>:<\/span>  #put username<\/span>\r\n    -<\/span> homedir<\/span>:<\/span>   \/home\/{{username}}<\/span>\r\n  tasks<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> add a new user<\/span>\r\n      user<\/span>:<\/span> name={{username}} state=present home={{homedir}}<\/span>\r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mkdir .ssh<\/span>\r\n      file<\/span>:<\/span> dest={{homedir}}\/.ssh\/ state=directory owner={{username}} group={{username}} mode=700<\/span> \r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> add authorized keys<\/span>\r\n      file<\/span>:<\/span> dest={{homedir}}\/.ssh\/authorized_keys state=touch owner={{username}} group={{username}} mode=600<\/span>\r\n\r\n    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> copy publickey<\/span>\r\n      template<\/span>:<\/span> src=public.j2 dest={{homedir}}\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528template\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n
\u7531\u65bc\u6307\u5b9a\u590d\u5236\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5757\u3002
\n\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728playbook.yml\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3apublic.j2\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u7c98\u8d34\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002
\nj2\u662fjinja2\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> copy publickey<\/span> #\u516c\u958b\u9375\u3092\u8cbc\u4ed8\u3051<\/span>\r\n      copy<\/span>:<\/span> src=~\/id_rsa.pub dest=\/home\/testuser2\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879:
\n\u2193<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u6539\u5199\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    -<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> copy publickey<\/span> #\u516c\u958b\u9375\u3092\u8cbc\u4ed8\u3051<\/span>\r\n      template<\/span>:<\/span> src=public.j2 dest={{homedir}}\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u4ecb\u7ecdansible\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528komitomo\/linux-useradd-playbook\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c:<\/h2>\n
\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003<\/p>\n
Ansible\u6587\u6863 > \u6a21\u5757\u7d22\u5f15
\nAnsible\u6559\u7a0b
\n\u5e38\u7528\u7684Ansible\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5757
\n\u9605\u8bfbAnsible\u6587\u6863\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0
\nAnsible \uff5efile\u6a21\u5757\uff5e
\n\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u6307\u5b9assh\u7528\u6237
\n\u4f7f\u7528Ansible\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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