{"id":42246,"date":"2023-11-25T15:39:04","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T23:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8epostgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%e7%9a%84%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T10:44:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T02:44:16","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8epostgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%e7%9a%84%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8epostgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%83%a8%e5%88%86%e7%9a%84%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8ePostgreSQL\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7eed\u5199\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u4e91\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u642d\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u6211\u8fb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h1>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h1>\n<h2>\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4eceDB\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565-h\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># psql -U {DB\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u540d} -d {DB\u540d} -h {DB\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u540d}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># CREATE DATABASE {DB\u540d};\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h1>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># CREATE TABLE Shohin(shohin_id CHAR(4) NOT NULL,\r\n  shohin_mei VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,\r\n  shohin_bunrui VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,\r\n  hanbai_tanka INTEGER,\r\n  shiire_tanka INTEGER,\r\n  torokubi DATE,\r\n  PRIMARY KEY (shohin_id));\r\nCREATE TABLE\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u79cd\u7c7b<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u578b\u578b\u7a2e\u5225\u5099\u8003INTEGER\u6570\u5024\u578b\u6574\u6570\u306e\u307fCAHR\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u56fa\u5b9a\u9577\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3002CHAR(10)\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30ab\u30c3\u30b3\u5185\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u6700\u5927\u9577\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3002CHAR(10)\u306b&#8217;abc&#8217;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u5165\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e7\u67a0\u306f\u534a\u89d2\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002VARCHAR\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u53ef\u5909\u9577\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u578b\u3002VARCHAR(10)\u306b&#8217;abc&#8217;\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u5165\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u534a\u89d2\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u57cb\u3081\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002DATE\u65e5\u4ed8\u578b\u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u7ea6\u675f<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u5236\u7d04\u5099\u8003NOT NULL\u7a7a\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306fNGPRIMARY KEY\u4e3b\u30ad\u30fc\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002PRIMARY KEY({\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540d})\u3067\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\u540d\u3092\u4e3b\u30ad\u30fc\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u5220\u9664\u8868<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># DROP TABLE {\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u540d};\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5217<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># ALTER TABLE {\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u540d} ADD COLUMN {\u5217\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9};\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5220\u9664\u5217\u3002<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># ALTER TABLE {\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u540d} DROP COLUMN {\u5217\u540d};\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u5bf9\u8868\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fdb\u884c\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u56de\u6eda\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># BEGIN TRANSACTION;\r\nBEGIN\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u518c\u6570\u636e\uff08\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># INSERT INTO Shohin VALUES ('0001', 'T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4', '\u8863\u670d', 1000, 500, '2009-09-20');\r\nINSERT 0 1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u786e\u8ba4\u6ce8\u518c\u5e76\u89e3\u9664\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># COMMIT;\r\nCOMMIT\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u786e\u8ba4\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u9664\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># ROLLBACK\r\nROLLBACK\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h1>\u641c\u7d22\u684c\u5b50<\/h1>\n<h2>\u9009\u62e9\u67e5\u8be2<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SELECT\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<br \/>\nSELECT\u5b50\u53e5\u548cFROM\u5b50\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5199\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0f\u5199\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528SELECT * FROM {\u8868\u540d}\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT * FROM shohin;\r\n shohin_id |   shohin_mei   | shohin_bunrui | hanbai_tanka | shiire_tanka |  torokubi  \r\n-----------+----------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+------------\r\n 0001      | T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4        | \u8863\u670d          |         1000 |          500 | 2009-09-20\r\n 0002      | \u7a74\u3042\u3051\u30d1\u30f3\u30c1   | \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1      |          500 |          320 | 2009-09-11\r\n 0003      | \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d          |         4000 |         2800 | \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728*\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\u5217\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5217\u3002<br \/>\n\u5217\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u3002<br \/>\n\u5217\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT shohin_mei, shohin_bunrui FROM shohin;\r\n   shohin_mei   | shohin_bunrui \r\n----------------+---------------\r\n T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4        | \u8863\u670d\r\n \u7a74\u3042\u3051\u30d1\u30f3\u30c1   | \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1\r\n \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d\r\n\r\n# SELECT shohin_bunrui, shohin_mei FROM shohin;\r\n shohin_bunrui |   shohin_mei   \r\n---------------+----------------\r\n \u8863\u670d          | T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4\r\n \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1      | \u7a74\u3042\u3051\u30d1\u30f3\u30c1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728Column\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u522b\u540d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT shohin_mei AS name, shohin_bunrui AS \"\u5206\u985e\" FROM shohin;\r\n      name      |     \u5206\u985e     \r\n----------------+--------------\r\n T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4        | \u8863\u670d\r\n \u7a74\u3042\u3051\u30d1\u30f3\u30c1   | \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1\r\n \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53e5\u5b50<\/h3>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u5220\u9664\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002<br \/>\n\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u591a\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT DISTINCT shohin_bunrui FROM shohin;\r\n shohin_bunrui \r\n---------------\r\n \u30ad\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u7528\u54c1\r\n \u8863\u670d\r\n \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1\r\n(3 rows)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u53e5\u5b50<\/h3>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u51fa\u6761\u4ef6\u5f0f\u3002<br \/>\nSELECT ~ FROM ~ WHERE {\u6761\u4ef6\u5f0f};<br \/>\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u7c7b\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u8863\u670d\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT * FROM shohin WHERE shohin_bunrui='\u8863\u670d';\r\n shohin_id |   shohin_mei   | shohin_bunrui | hanbai_tanka | shiire_tanka |  torokubi  \r\n-----------+----------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+------------\r\n 0001      | T\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4        | \u8863\u670d          |         1000 |          500 | 2009-09-20\r\n 0003      | \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d          |         4000 |         2800 | \r\n(2 rows)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u6bd4\u8f03\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u5185\u5bb9\u3000=\u7b49\u3057\u3044&lt;&gt;\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044&gt;=\u4ee5\u4e0a&lt;=\u4ee5\u4e0b&gt;\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044&lt;\u3088\u308a\u5c0f\u3055\u3044<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4>\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h4>\n<p>\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5426\u5b9aWHERE\u8bed\u53e5\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u4f7f\u5176\u591a\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT * FROM shohin WHERE shohin_bunrui='\u8863\u670d' AND hanbai_tanka &gt; 1000;\r\n shohin_id |   shohin_mei   | shohin_bunrui | hanbai_tanka | shiire_tanka | torokubi \r\n-----------+----------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------\r\n 0003      | \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d          |         4000 |         2800 | \r\n(1 row)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u8ad6\u7406\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u5185\u5bb9AND\u8907\u6570\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408OR\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408NOT\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5408\u81f4\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u7c4d\uff1a\u8bf7\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/h1>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u4ee5PostgreSQL\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6c47\u96c6<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528COUNT\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u91cf\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e3aNULL\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT COUNT(*) FROM shohin;\r\n count \r\n-------\r\n     8\r\n(1 row)\r\n\r\n# SELECT COUNT(shiire_tanka) FROM shohin;\r\n count \r\n-------\r\n     6\r\n(1 row)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528SUM\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT SUM(shiire_tanka) FROM shohin;\r\n  sum  \r\n-------\r\n 12210\r\n(1 row)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u95a2\u6570\u5185\u5bb9COUNT\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u6570SUM\u5408\u8a08AVG\u5e73\u5747MAX\u6700\u5927MIN\u6700\u5c0f<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>\u6839\u636e\u5206\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u6570<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528GROUP BY\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7c7b\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT shohin_bunrui, COUNT(*) FROM shohin GROUP BY shohin_bunrui;\r\n shohin_bunrui | count \r\n---------------+-------\r\n \u30ad\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u7528\u54c1  |     4\r\n \u8863\u670d          |     2\r\n \u4e8b\u52d9\u7528\u54c1      |     2\r\n(3 rows)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ORDER BY\u5b50\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre class=\"post-pre\"><code># SELECT * FROM shohin ORDER BY hanbai_tanka DESC;\r\n shohin_id |   shohin_mei   | shohin_bunrui | hanbai_tanka | shiire_tanka |  torokubi  \r\n-----------+----------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+------------\r\n 0006      | \u5727\u529b\u934b         | \u30ad\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u7528\u54c1  |         6800 |         5000 | 2009-09-20\r\n 0003      | \u30ab\u30c3\u30bf\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30c4 | \u8863\u670d          |         4000 |         2800 | \r\n 0004      | \u5305\u4e01           | \u30ad\u30c3\u30c1\u30f3\u7528\u54c1  |         3000 |         2800 | 2009-01-15\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ad\u30fc\u5185\u5bb9ASC\u6607\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u3002\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u7701\u7565\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306f\u6607\u9806\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002DESC\u964d\u9806\u3067\u4e26\u3079\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9996\u5148 \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7eed\u5199\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002 &nbsp; \u6211\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u4e91\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e0a\u642d\u5efa\u4e86 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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