{"id":42080,"date":"2023-10-27T19:56:57","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T23:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8rust-postgresql-tokio_postgres%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T06:18:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T22:18:27","slug":"%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8rust-postgresql-tokio_postgres%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90rust%e3%80%91%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8rust-postgresql-tokio_postgres%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Rust\u3011\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Rust + PostgreSQL + tokio_postgres\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u5b83\u5f88\u8f7b\u677e\u81ea\u5728<\/div>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/h1>\n

\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Rust\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u8f15\u9b06\u5730\u8207\u672c\u5730PostgreSQL\u9032\u884c\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u5728Rust\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

     id<\/span>      |<\/span>   name<\/span>   \r\n-------------+----------<\/span>\r\n  -<\/span>838073477<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n -<\/span>1966422589<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n -<\/span>2115227795<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>3<\/span> rows<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
id\u548cname\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u522b\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u968f\u610f\u586b\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u503c\u3002<\/div>\n
\u5728Rust\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/p>\n
\n
\u6a19\u6e96\u5165\u529b\u6a5f\u80fda\u4e71\u6570\u306eid\u3068\u540d\u524d(\u4eca\u56de\u306fJohn Doe\u56fa\u5b9a)\u3092record\u3068\u3044\u3046db\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0s\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u5168\u8868\u793ad\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u5168\u524a\u9664<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u884c\u52a8\u73af\u5883 zu\u00f2<\/h2>\n
\n
\u9805\u76ee\u5024OSUbuntu22.04 On WSL2Rust1.70.0psql (PostgreSQL)15.3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u6f6e\u6c34\u6d8c\u52a8<\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. \n
      \u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3arecord\u7684\u7a7a\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
          \u4f7f\u7528Rust\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
           <\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
              \u5728Rust\u7aef\u8f93\u5165a, s, d\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u64cd\u4f5crecord<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
               <\/p>\n
                \u5728PostgreSQL\u7aef\u786e\u8ba4\u8868\u683c<\/ol>\n
                \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u5206\u522b\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u6570\u636e\u5e93(\u540d\u79f0\u4e3arecord)\u3002<\/h2>\n
                1. \u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u88c5\u7b49\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n
                sudo apt update\r\nsudo apt install postgresql\r\nsudo systemctl status postgresql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230postgres\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/h3>\n
                sudo -u postgres psql\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                3. \u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n
                CREATE USER your_username WITH PASSWORD 'your_password';\r\nCREATE DATABASE record;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u60a8\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002
                \n\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u8bb0\u5f55\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/div>\n
                \u4e3a\u7528\u6237”\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d”\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n
                GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE type_record TO your_username;\r\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON SCHEMA public TO your_username;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u90fd\u6388\u4e88\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650
                \n\uff08\u6211\u53ea\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7ea62\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09<\/p>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528Rust\u8fdb\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u5199\u3002<\/h2>\n
                1. \u5728dependencies\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2acrate<\/h3>\n
                [dependencies]\r\n+ tokio-postgres = \"0.7\"\r\n+ tokio = { version = \"1\", features = [\"full\"] }\r\n+ dotenv = \"0.15.0\"\r\n+ rand = \"0.8.4\"\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5728.env\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n
                + DB_HOST=localhost\r\n+ DB_PORT=5432\r\n+ DB_USER=your_username\r\n+ DB_PASSWORD=your_password\r\n+ DB_NAME=record\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0e\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/div>\n
                \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709.env\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4f7f\u7528Rust\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
                code .env\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u7b49\u300d\u4e3a\u6211\u521b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                3. \u4ee5Rust\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n
                \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u3002
                \n\u6211\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
                use<\/span> dotenv<\/span>::<\/span>dotenv<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::<\/span>env<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> std<\/span>::<\/span>io<\/span>::{<\/span>self<\/span>,<\/span> BufRead<\/span>};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> tokio_postgres<\/span>::{<\/span>NoTls<\/span>,<\/span> Error<\/span>};<\/span>\r\nuse<\/span> rand<\/span>::<\/span>Rng<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n#[tokio::main]<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> fn<\/span> main<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> Result<\/span><<\/span>(),<\/span> Error<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ .env \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f<\/span>\r\n    dotenv<\/span>()<\/span>.ok<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u304b\u3089\u63a5\u7d9a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> db_host<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_HOST\"<\/span>)<\/span>.expect<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_HOST not set\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> db_port<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_PORT\"<\/span>)<\/span>.expect<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_PORT not set\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> db_user<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_USER\"<\/span>)<\/span>.expect<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_USER not set\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> db_password<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_PASSWORD\"<\/span>)<\/span>.expect<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_PASSWORD not set\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> db_name<\/span> =<\/span> env<\/span>::<\/span>var<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_NAME\"<\/span>)<\/span>.expect<\/span>(<\/span>\"DB_NAME not set\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ PostgreSQL\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> connection_string<\/span> =<\/span> format!<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        \"host={} port={} user={} password={} dbname={}\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        db_host<\/span>,<\/span> db_port<\/span>,<\/span> db_user<\/span>,<\/span> db_password<\/span>,<\/span> db_name<\/span>\r\n    );<\/span>\r\n\r\n    let<\/span> (<\/span>client<\/span>,<\/span> connection<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> tokio_postgres<\/span>::<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>connection_string<\/span>,<\/span> NoTls<\/span>)<\/span>.await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u63a5\u7d9a\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30f3\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c<\/span>\r\n    tokio<\/span>::<\/span>spawn<\/span>(<\/span>async<\/span> move<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> let<\/span> Err<\/span>(<\/span>e<\/span>)<\/span> =<\/span> connection<\/span>.await<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            eprintln!<\/span>(<\/span>\"connection error: {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> e<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    });<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u4f5c\u6210\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u3092\u5b9f\u884c<\/span>\r\n    client<\/span>\r\n        .batch_execute<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n            \"\r\n            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (\r\n                id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\r\n                name TEXT NOT NULL\r\n            )\r\n            \"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        )<\/span>\r\n        .await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u6a19\u6e96\u5165\u529b\u304b\u3089\u30ad\u30fc\u5165\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30fc\u30e0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> stdin<\/span> =<\/span> io<\/span>::<\/span>stdin<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    let<\/span> mut<\/span> input_stream<\/span> =<\/span> stdin<\/span>.lock<\/span>()<\/span>.lines<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Press 'a' to add a record, 'd' to delete all records, 's' to sort and display records, or any other key to exit.\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u30ad\u30fc\u5165\u529b\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3057\u3001\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3092\u5b9f\u884c<\/span>\r\n    while<\/span> let<\/span> Some<\/span>(<\/span>Ok<\/span>(<\/span>input<\/span>))<\/span> =<\/span> input_stream<\/span>.next<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        match<\/span> input<\/span>.as_str<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            \"a\"<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                \/\/ \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0<\/span>\r\n                let<\/span> mut<\/span> rng<\/span> =<\/span> rand<\/span>::<\/span>thread_rng<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n                let<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span> =<\/span> rng<\/span>.gen<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n                client<\/span>\r\n                    .execute<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n                        \"INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES ($1, $2)\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n                        &<\/span>[<\/span>&<\/span>id<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>\"John Doe\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n                    )<\/span>\r\n                    .await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n                println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"Record added.\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n            \"d\"<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                \/\/ \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\n                client<\/span>.execute<\/span>(<\/span>\"DELETE FROM users\"<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>[])<\/span>.await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n                println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"All records deleted.\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n            \"s\"<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                \/\/ \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u8868\u793a<\/span>\r\n                let<\/span> rows<\/span> =<\/span> client<\/span>\r\n                    .query<\/span>(<\/span>\"SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY id\"<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>[])<\/span>\r\n                    .await<\/span>?<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n                for<\/span> row<\/span> in<\/span> rows<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                    let<\/span> id<\/span>:<\/span> i32<\/span> =<\/span> row<\/span>.get<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n                    let<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> &<\/span>str<\/span> =<\/span> row<\/span>.get<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n                    println!<\/span>(<\/span>\"ID: {}, Name: {}\"<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n                }<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n            _<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n                break<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n            }<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    Ok<\/span>(())<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                3. \u5728Rust\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165[a, s, d]\u7b49\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h1>\n
                cargo run\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u4e49: “\u3067” (\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879)<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u91ca\u4e49\u4e3a”\u901a\u8fc7”\u6216”\u4ee5…\u65b9\u5f0f”\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
                Press 'a' to add a record, 'd' to delete all records, 's' to sort and display records, or any other key to exit.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u56e0\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e[a]\uff0c[d]\uff0c[s]\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u70b9\u51fb\u6765\u64cd\u63a7\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5f55\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
                Press<\/span> 'a'<\/span> to<\/span> add<\/span> a<\/span> record<\/span>,<\/span> 'd'<\/span> to<\/span> delete<\/span> all<\/span> records<\/span>,<\/span> 's'<\/span> to<\/span> sort<\/span> and<\/span> display<\/span> records<\/span>,<\/span> or<\/span> any<\/span> other<\/span> key<\/span> to<\/span> exit<\/span>.\r\na<\/span>\r\nRecord<\/span> added<\/span>.\r\na<\/span>\r\nRecord<\/span> added<\/span>.\r\na<\/span>\r\nRecord<\/span> added<\/span>.\r\ns<\/span>\r\nID<\/span>:<\/span> -<\/span>2115227795<\/span>,<\/span> Name<\/span>:<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\nID<\/span>:<\/span> -<\/span>1966422589<\/span>,<\/span> Name<\/span>:<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\nID<\/span>:<\/span> -<\/span>838073477<\/span>,<\/span> Name<\/span>:<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u6211\u6210\u529f\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002
                \n\u5b83\u4ee5ID\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
                4. \u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u8868<\/h1>\n
                sudo -u postgres \r\npsql -d type_record -c \"SELECT * FROM users;\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u6267\u884c\u3002
                \n\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u7b97\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                postgres<\/span>=<\/span>#<\/span> \\<\/span>c<\/span> type_record<\/span>\r\nYou<\/span> are<\/span> now<\/span> connected<\/span> to<\/span> database<\/span> \"type_record\"<\/span> as<\/span> user<\/span> \"postgres\"<\/span>.\r\ntype_record<\/span>=<\/span>#<\/span>  SELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n     id<\/span>      |<\/span>   name<\/span>   \r\n-------------+----------<\/span>\r\n  -<\/span>838073477<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n -<\/span>1966422589<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n -<\/span>2115227795<\/span> |<\/span> John<\/span> Doe<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>3<\/span> rows<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u7d50\u8ad6\u3068\u3057\u3066<\/h2>\n
                \u6211\u6210\u529f\u5730\u901a\u8fc7Rust\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u5730\u7684PostgreSQL\u3002
                \n\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u80fd\u548cHeroku\u6216Render.com\u4e0a\u7684PostgreSQL\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u6269\u5c55Web\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002
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