\u6211\u539f\u672c\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u4f5c\u4e3aRails\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\n\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002
\n\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0eRails\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\uff09\u3002
\n\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u6307\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
macOS Catalina
\nRuby\uff1a2.7.1
\nRails\uff1a6.0.2.2
\nPostgreSQL\uff1a12.2
\nHomebrew 2.2.14<\/p>\n
macOS Catalina
\nRuby\u7248\u672c\uff1a2.7.1
\nRails\u7248\u672c\uff1a6.0.2.2
\nPostgreSQL\u7248\u672c\uff1a12.2
\nHomebrew\u7248\u672c\uff1a2.2.14<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5Rails\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528Homebrew\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>brew install <\/span>postgresql\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>postgres --version<\/span>\r\npostgres (<\/span>PostgreSQL)<\/span> 12.2\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8bbe\u5b9aPATH<\/h2>\n# PostgreSQL\u306e\u30d1\u30b9<\/span>\r\nexport <\/span>PATH<\/span>=<\/span>\/usr\/local\/pgsql\/bin:$PATH<\/span>\r\n\r\n# PostgreSQL\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff08DB\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u5834\u6240\uff09<\/span>\r\nexport <\/span>PGDATA<\/span>=<\/span>'\/usr\/local\/var\/postgres'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6211\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u7ec4\u7684\u6587\u6863\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u901a\u884c\u6216\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u8981…<\/p>\n
$ <\/span> which postgres\r\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/postgres\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> echo<\/span> $PATH<\/span>\r\n\/usr\/local\/pgsql\/bin:\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL<\/h2>\n
\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b…
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2460\uff0c\u5f53\u50cfrails server\u4e00\u6837\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u2461\u548c\u2462\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e861\u53f7\u9009\u9879\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u5173\u6389\u624b\u673a\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u5c06\u624b\u673a\u5173\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>postgres #\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> pg_ctl status #\u78ba\u8a8d\uff08\u5225\u30bf\u30d6\uff09<\/span>\r\npg_ctl: server is running\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4f7f\u7528 Ctrl+C \u7ec8\u6b62<\/p>\n
Only one option is needed.<\/p>\n
$ <\/span> pg_ctl start #\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\nserver started\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> pg_ctl status #\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\npg_ctl: server is running\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> pg_ctl stop #\u7d42\u4e86<\/span>\r\nserver stopped\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u5185\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span> brew services start postgresql #\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n==><\/span> Successfully started `<\/span>postgresql`<\/span> (<\/span>label: homebrew.mxcl.postgresql)<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> pg_ctl status #\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\npg_ctl: server is running\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> brew services stop postgresql #\u7d42\u4e86<\/span>\r\nStopping `<\/span>postgresql`<\/span>... (<\/span>might take a while<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n==><\/span> Successfully stopped `<\/span>postgresql`<\/span> (<\/span>label: homebrew.mxcl.postgresql)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002
\n\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n
psql --list<\/span> [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d]\r\npsql -l<\/span> [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n$ <\/span>postgres #db\u306e\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>psql -l<\/span>\r\n List of databases\r\n Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges\r\n----------------<\/span>+-----------+----------+---------+-------+-------------------\r\n postgres | wm | UTF8 | C | C |\r\n template0 | wm | UTF8 | C | C | =<\/span>c\/user +\r\n | | | | | user<\/span>=<\/span>CTc\/user\r\n template1 | wm | UTF8 | C | C | =<\/span>c\/user +\r\n | | | | | user<\/span>=<\/span>CTc\/user\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u8bf4\u6a21\u677f\u662f\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u5220\u9664Postgres\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7701\u7565\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0d\u592a\u786e\u5b9a\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u3002\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1f\uff09<\/p>\n
$ <\/span> psql --list<\/span>\r\npsql: error: could not connect to server: FATAL: database \"postgres\"<\/span> does not exist\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>createdb [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d] #db\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>dropdb [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d] #db\u306e\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>psql [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d] #db\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span>\\q<\/span> #\u7d42\u4e86<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\npsql (<\/span>12.2)<\/span>\r\nType \"help\"<\/span> for <\/span>help.\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u300cpostgres=>\u300d\u540e\u9762\u8f93\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u300cpostgres=#\u300d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a\u300cpostgres=>\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/h2>\n
\u636e\u8bf4\u5728PostgreSQL\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aRol\u3002
\n\u5728\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664Rol\u3002<\/p>\n
$ postgres<\/span>=><\/span> \\d<\/span>u\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n$ <\/span>postgres #db\u306e\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span> psql postgres #\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a<\/span>\r\npsql (<\/span>12.2)<\/span>\r\nType \"help\"<\/span> for <\/span>help.\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span>\\d<\/span>u\r\n\r\n Role name | List of roles Attributes | Member of\r\n---------------<\/span>+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------\r\n user | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff08\u7528\u6237\uff09\u89d2\u8272<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u4e86PostgreSQL\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5220\u9664\u89d2\u8272\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0” ; “\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres<\/span>=><\/span> create role [<\/span>\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u540d];<\/span> #\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> drop role [<\/span>\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u540d];<\/span> #\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> create role new_user;<\/span> #\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> \\d<\/span>u #\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\n\r\n Role name | List of roles Attributes | Member of\r\n---------------<\/span>+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------\r\n new_user | Cannot login | {}<\/span>\r\n user | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8eAttributes\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u5c1a\u672a\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres<\/span>=><\/span> select <\/span>usename from pg_user;<\/span> #\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\n usename\r\n-----------<\/span>\r\n wm\r\n(<\/span>1 rows)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u9009\u9879\uff08\u6709\u5173\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u8fd9\u91cc\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres<\/span>=><\/span> create role new_user WITH LOGIN;<\/span> #\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> \\d<\/span>u #\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\n\r\n Role name | List of roles Attributes | Member of\r\n---------------<\/span>+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------\r\n new_user | | {}<\/span>\r\n user | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=><\/span> select <\/span>usename from pg_user;<\/span> #\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\n usename\r\n-----------<\/span>\r\n wm\r\n divemates\r\n(<\/span>2 rows)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u66f4\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u3002
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres<\/span>=><\/span> ALTER DATABASE [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d] OWNER TO [<\/span>\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30aa\u30fc\u30ca\u30fc\u540d];<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span> createdb [<\/span>\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u540d] -O<\/span> [<\/span>\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u540d]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u786e\u8ba4\u684c\u5b50<\/h2>\n
\u5728Rails\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u683c\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres<\/span>=><\/span> SELECT *<\/span> FROM [<\/span>\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u540d];<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n$ <\/span>postgres #db\u306e\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>psql mydb #\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a<\/span>\r\npsql (<\/span>12.2)<\/span>\r\nType \"help\"<\/span> for <\/span>help.\r\n\r\nmydb<\/span>=><\/span> SELECT *<\/span> FROM users<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n id<\/span> | name | email \r\n----<\/span>+------+------\r\n(<\/span>0 rows)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f”\u53c2\u8003”\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u4ece\u5b89\u88c5PostgreSQL 11.5\u5230\u5728Rails\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6982\u8ff0 \u6211\u539f\u672c\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u4f5c\u4e3aRails\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u5206 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-42031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n
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