{"id":41965,"date":"2022-11-29T17:33:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-21T20:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8ubuntu%e4%b8%8a%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85postgresql%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4%e5%a6%82%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%9a\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T02:58:21","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T18:58:21","slug":"%e5%9c%a8ubuntu%e4%b8%8a%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85postgresql%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4%e5%a6%82%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8ubuntu%e4%b8%8a%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85postgresql%e5%b9%b6%e8%ae%be%e7%bd%ae%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e8%ae%bf%e9%97%ae%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%a5%e9%aa%a4%e5%a6%82%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%9a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Ubuntu\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5PostgreSQL\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u542f\u52a8PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u9762\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u505a\u4e2a\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aUbuntu14.04 LTS<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5<\/h1>\n

\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u5b89\u88c5PostgreSQL\u3002
\n\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528apt-get\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

$<\/span> sudo <\/span>apt-get update\r\n$<\/span> sudo <\/span>apt-get install<\/span> -y<\/span> postgresql-9.3\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5728\/etc\/init.d\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u542f\u52a8\u811a\u672c\u3002
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528start\u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
$<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/postgresql start\r\n * Starting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server                 [ OK ]\r\n<\/span>$<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/postgresql status\r\n9.3\/main (port 5432): online\r\n<\/span>$<\/span> psql\r\npsql: FATAL:  role \"root\" does not exist\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237root\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6536\u5230\u4e86”\u89d2\u8272root\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728”\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5377\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a<\/h1>\n
PostgreSQL\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u8272(role)\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u3002
\n\u89d2\u8272\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eUNIX\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4(group)\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u8986\u5199\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3apostgres\u767b\u5f55\u5230PostgreSQL\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u6539\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Shell\u547d\u4ee4createuser\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5728\u5b89\u88c5PostgreSQL\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8f93\u5165createuser name\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aname\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u53ea\u60f3\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u540d\u4e3a”postgres”\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002
\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c”postgres”\u89d2\u8272\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u89d2\u8272\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5207\u6362\u5230postgres\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u767b\u5f55\u5230PostgreSQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
$<\/span> su - postgres\r\n$<\/span> psql\r\npsql (9.3.5)\r\nType \"help\" for help.\r\n<\/span>postgres=#<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528psql\u547d\u4ee4\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684psql\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0epsql –username=postgres –dbname=postgres\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e0eroot\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u540d\u4e3apostgres\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u73b0\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u89d2\u8272\uff1aSELECT rolname FROM pg_roles;\u6216\\du\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237postgres\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres=#<\/span> \\d<\/span>u\r\n                             List of roles\r\n Role name |                   Attributes                   | Member of \r\n-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------\r\n postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u5efa\u7acb\u5176\u4ed6\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u7d1a\u7528\u6236postgres\u4f86\u5275\u5efa\u548c\u904b\u71df\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u7d1a\u7528\u6236\u767b\u9304\u4e26\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u9664\u8d85\u7d1a\u7528\u6236\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ecd\u7136\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”CREATE ROLE name;”\u6216\u8005”CREATE USER name;”\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      LOGIN<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
          SUPERUSER<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            \n
          • \n
              CREATEDB<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
               <\/p>\n
                \n
              • \n
                  CREATEROLE<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                   <\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                      REPLICATION<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                       <\/p>\n
                        PASSWORD<\/ul>\n
                        \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
                        \nhttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/9.3\/html\/role-attributes.html<\/p>\n
                        \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ahellopsql\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0LOGIN CREATEDB PASSWORD\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                        postgres=#<\/span> CREATE ROLE hellopsql LOGIN CREATEDB PASSWORD 'hello'<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nCREATE ROLE\r\n<\/span>postgres=#<\/span> \\d<\/span>u\r\n                             List of roles\r\n Role name |                   Attributes                   | Member of \r\n-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------\r\n hellopsql | Create DB                                      | {}\r\n postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}\r\n\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u8d26\u6237\u540d\u4e3ahellopsql\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3ahello\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7acb\u5373\u4f7f\u7528hellopsql\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u6211\u60f3\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h1>\n
                        \u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u7684Shell\u6765\u4f7f\u7528CREATE DATABASE\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684shell\u547d\u4ee4”createdb”\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528PostgreSQL\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4SELECT datname FROM pg_database;\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\\l\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n
                        postgres=#<\/span> CREATE DATABASE hellopsql OWNER hellopsql;<\/span>\r\nCREATE DATABASE\r\n<\/span>postgres=#<\/span> \\l<\/span>\r\n                              List of databases\r\n   Name    |   Owner   | Encoding  | Collate | Ctype |   Access privileges   \r\n-----------+-----------+-----------+---------+-------+-----------------------\r\n hellopsql | hellopsql | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | \r\n postgres  | postgres  | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | \r\n template0 | postgres  | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c\/postgres          +\r\n           |           |           |         |       | postgres=CTc\/postgres\r\n template1 | postgres  | SQL_ASCII | C       | C     | =c\/postgres          +\r\n           |           |           |         |       | postgres=CTc\/postgres\r\n(4 rows)\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e86\u3002
                        \n\u7a0d\u540e\u53ea\u9700\u8f93\u5165psql –username=hellopsql –password –dbname=hellopsql\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4ee5\u4e0bPeer\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
                        $<\/span> psql --username<\/span>=<\/span>hellopsql --password<\/span> --dbname<\/span>=<\/span>hellopsql             \r\nPassword for user hellopsql: \r\npsql: FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user \"hellopsql\"\r\n\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/h1>\n
                        \u8fd9\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eiptables\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2aIP\u3001\u54ea\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7ident\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u4e8e\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528hellopsql\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ahellopsql\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f88\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u6b21\/etc\/postgresql\/9.3\/main\/ph_hba.conf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a
                        \nhttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/9.3\/html\/auth-pg-hba-conf.html
                        \nhttp:\/\/qa.atmarkit.co.jp\/q\/2604<\/p>\n
                        $<\/span> vi \/etc\/postgresql\/9.3\/main\/pg_hba.conf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                        # TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD\r\n# \u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u4e14\u3064\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u306fpeer\u8a8d\u8a3c\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\r\nlocal   all             postgres                                peer\r\n# \u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u4e14\u3064\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u7121\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u901a\u3059\r\nlocal   all             all                                     trust\r\n# IPv4 local connections:\r\nhost    all             all             127.0.0.1\/32            md5\r\n# IPv6 local connections:\r\nhost    all             all             ::1\/128                 md5\r\n# \u30ea\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u304b\u3089\u4e14\u3064\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306e\u63a5\u7d9a\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3057\u307e\u3059\r\nhost    all             postgres        0.0.0.0\/0               reject\r\n# TCP connections by md5\r\nhost    all             all             0.0.0.0\/0               md5\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “\/etc\/init.d\/postgresql restart” \u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                        $<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/postgresql restart\r\n * Restarting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server                             [ OK ]\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5<\/h1>\n
                        \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u8fdc\u7a0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/postgresql\/9.3\/main\/postgresql.conf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n
                        $<\/span> vi \/etc\/postgresql\/9.3\/main\/postgresql.conf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u8bf7\u627e\u5230listen_addresses\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u66f4\u6539\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
                        listen_addresses='*'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u5982\u679c\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 \/etc\/init.d\/postgresql restart \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
                        $<\/span> \/etc\/init.d\/postgresql restart\r\n * Restarting PostgreSQL 9.3 database server                             [ OK ]\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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