{"id":41612,"date":"2023-11-12T08:34:58","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T18:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%aa%97%e5%8f%a3%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T08:37:17","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T00:37:17","slug":"postgresql%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%aa%97%e5%8f%a3%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%aa%97%e5%8f%a3%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL\u4e2d\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1PostgreSQL\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002(\u81eaPostgreSQL 8.4\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165)<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6392\u540d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u4e94\u540d\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u672a\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image.png\"<\/div>\n

\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u805a\u5408\u4e2d\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h1>\n

\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u67e5\u8be2\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u96c6\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5904\u7406\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\n\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b50\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u7528\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570<\/h1>\n
\n
\u95a2\u6570\u623b\u308a\u5024\u8aac\u660erow_number()bigint\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5185\u3067\u306e\u884c\u756a\u53f7\uff08\uff11\u304b\u3089\u6570\u3048\u308b\uff09rank()bigint\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u9806\u4f4d\u3002\u5148\u982d\u30d4\u30a2\u306erow_number\u3068\u540c\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002dense_rank()bigint\u30ae\u30e3\u30c3\u30d7\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u9806\u4f4d\u3002\u3053\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306f\u30d4\u30a2\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u6570\u3092\u6570\u3048\u308b\u3002percent_rank()double precision\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u76f8\u5bfe\u9806\u4f4d\u3002 (rank – 1) \/ (\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u7dcf\u884c\u6570 – 1)cume_dist()double precision\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u76f8\u5bfe\u9806\u4f4d\u3002 (\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308a\u5148\u884c\u3059\u308b\u884c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30d4\u30a2\u306e\u884c\u6570) \/ (\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u7dcf\u884c\u6570)ntile(num_buckets integer)integer\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3060\u3051\u7b49\u4fa1\u306b\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5206\u5272\u3057\u305f\u30011\u304b\u3089\u5f15\u6570\u5024\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6574\u6570lag(value anyelement [, offset integer [, default anyelement ]])value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5185\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308aoffset\u884c\u3060\u3051\u524d\u306e\u884c\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u305fvalue\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3002 \u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066default(value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044)\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3002 offset\u3068default\u306f\u5171\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 \u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001offset\u306f1\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001default\u306fNULL\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002lead(value anyelement [, offset integer [, default anyelement ]])value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5185\u306e\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308aoffset\u884c\u3060\u3051\u5f8c\u306e\u884c\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u305fvalue\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3002 \u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u884c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u3068\u3057\u3066default(value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044)\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3002 offset\u3068default\u306f\u5171\u306b\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 \u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001offset\u306f1\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001default\u306fNULL\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002first_value(value any)value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u884c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u884c\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u305fvalue \u3092\u8fd4\u3059last_value(value any)value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u884c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u884c\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u305fvalue \u3092\u8fd4\u3059nth_value(value any, nth integer)value\u3068\u540c\u3058\u578b\u30a6\u30a3\u30f3\u30c9\u30a6\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\uff08\uff11\u304b\u3089\u6570\u3048\u3066\uff09nth\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u884c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u884c\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u305fvalue\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u3002\u884c\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306fNULL\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/11\/html\/functions-window.html<\/p>\n

\u51fa\u5904\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/11\/html\/functions-window.html<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n

\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
function_name<\/span> ([<\/span>expression<\/span> [,<\/span> expression<\/span> ...<\/span> ]])<\/span> [<\/span> FILTER<\/span> (<\/span> WHERE<\/span> filter_clause<\/span> )<\/span> ]<\/span> OVER<\/span> window_name<\/span>\r\nfunction_name<\/span> ([<\/span>expression<\/span> [,<\/span> expression<\/span> ...<\/span> ]])<\/span> [<\/span> FILTER<\/span> (<\/span> WHERE<\/span> filter_clause<\/span> )<\/span> ]<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span> window_definition<\/span> )<\/span>\r\nfunction_name<\/span> (<\/span> *<\/span> )<\/span> [<\/span> FILTER<\/span> (<\/span> WHERE<\/span> filter_clause<\/span> )<\/span> ]<\/span> OVER<\/span> window_name<\/span>\r\nfunction_name<\/span> (<\/span> *<\/span> )<\/span> [<\/span> FILTER<\/span> (<\/span> WHERE<\/span> filter_clause<\/span> )<\/span> ]<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span> window_definition<\/span> )<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7a97\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
[<\/span> existing_window_name<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n[<\/span> PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> expression<\/span> [,<\/span> ...]<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n[<\/span> ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> expression<\/span> [<\/span> ASC<\/span> |<\/span> DESC<\/span> |<\/span> USING<\/span> operator<\/span> ]<\/span> [<\/span> NULLS<\/span> {<\/span> FIRST<\/span> |<\/span> LAST<\/span> }<\/span> ]<\/span> [,<\/span> ...]<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n[<\/span> frame_clause<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
frame_clause\u69cb\u6587\uff08\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u79cd\uff09<\/h2>\n
{<\/span> RANGE<\/span> |<\/span> ROWS<\/span> |<\/span> GROUPS<\/span> }<\/span> frame_start<\/span> [<\/span> frame_exclusion<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> RANGE<\/span> |<\/span> ROWS<\/span> |<\/span> GROUPS<\/span> }<\/span> BETWEEN<\/span> frame_start<\/span> AND<\/span> frame_end<\/span> [<\/span> frame_exclusion<\/span> ]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6846\u67b6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \n
      ROWS\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9: \u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u524d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6570\u306e\u884c\u3067\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
          GROUPS\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9: \u5728\u884c\u306e\u30d4\u30a2\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7(peer group)\u306e\u524d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f8c\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u6570\u306e\u30d4\u30a2\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3067\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u958b\u59cb\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            RANGE\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9:\u3000\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u306e\u5217\u306e\u5024\u3068\u3001\u30d5\u30ec\u30fc\u30e0\u4e2d\u306e\u524d\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f8c\u308d\u306e\u884c\u306e\u5024\u306e\u6700\u5927\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u6307\u5b9a<\/ul>\n
            frame_start\u548cframe_end\u53e5\u6cd5\uff08\u4efb\u4e00\u79cd\uff09<\/h2>\n
            UNBOUNDED<\/span> PRECEDING<\/span> -- \u5148\u982d\u306e\u884c<\/span>\r\nn<\/span> PRECEDING<\/span> -- \u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308a<n>\u884c\u524d\u3001RANGE\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f<n>\u5024\u524d<\/span>\r\nCURRENT<\/span> ROW<\/span> -- \u73fe\u5728\u884c<\/span>\r\nn<\/span> FOLLOWING<\/span> -- \u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3088\u308a<n>\u884c\u5f8c\u3001RANGE\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f<n>\u5024\u5f8c<\/span>\r\nUNBOUNDED<\/span> FOLLOWING<\/span> -- \u672b\u5c3e\u306e\u884c<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u4ee5”ROWS”\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528”rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following”\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u5bf9\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u6c47\u603b\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u4ee5”RANGE”\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u65e5\u671f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528”RANGE BETWEEN ‘1 day’ PRECEDING AND ’10 days’ FOLLOWING”\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728”ROWS”\u548c”GROUPS”\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c0 PRECEDING\u548c0 FOLLOWING\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eCURRENT ROW\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u6392\u9664\u6846\u67b6\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08\u4efb\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\uff09<\/h2>\n
            EXCLUDE<\/span> CURRENT<\/span> ROW<\/span>\r\nEXCLUDE<\/span> GROUP<\/span>\r\nEXCLUDE<\/span> TIES<\/span>\r\nEXCLUDE<\/span> NO<\/span> OTHERS<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \u793a\u4f8b<\/h1>\n
            \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u5206\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6392\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/h2>\n
            select<\/span> \r\n    score<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    row_number<\/span>()<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    rank<\/span>()<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    dense_rank<\/span>()<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    percent_rank<\/span>()<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n    cume_dist<\/span>()<\/span> OVER<\/span> (<\/span>ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>)<\/span> \r\nfrom<\/span> scores<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \"image.png\"<\/div>\n
            \u76f8\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u6570\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u6570\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/h2>\n
            select<\/span> \r\n    age<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    score<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    first_value<\/span>(<\/span>score<\/span>)<\/span> over<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> age<\/span> ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> DESC<\/span> rows<\/span> between<\/span> unbounded<\/span> preceding<\/span> and<\/span> unbounded<\/span> following<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> \"\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u6570\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    last_value<\/span>(<\/span>score<\/span>)<\/span> over<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> age<\/span> ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> DESC<\/span> rows<\/span> between<\/span> unbounded<\/span> preceding<\/span> and<\/span> unbounded<\/span> following<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> \"\u6700\u4f4e\u70b9\u6570\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    avg<\/span>(<\/span>score<\/span>)<\/span> over<\/span> (<\/span>PARTITION<\/span> BY<\/span> age<\/span> ORDER<\/span> BY<\/span> score<\/span> DESC<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> \"\u5e73\u5747\u70b9\u6570\"<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> scores<\/span>\r\norder<\/span> by<\/span> score<\/span> desc<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
            \"image.png\"<\/div>\n
            \u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u6309\u7167\u5206\u6570\u7684\u964d\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c06first_value\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\uff0clast_value\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u4f4e\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
            \u53c2\u8003URL\uff1a
            \n\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/11\/html\/sql-expressions.html#SYNTAX-WINDOW-FUNCTIONS
            \n\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/11\/html\/tutorial-window.html
            \n\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/11\/html\/functions-window.html<\/p>\n
            \u4ee5\u4e0a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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