{"id":41501,"date":"2023-01-28T09:38:08","date_gmt":"2024-02-03T00:44:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%9f%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T11:51:51","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T03:51:51","slug":"postgresql%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%9f%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%9f%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL\u65e5\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u516c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/p>\n

\u6f14\u5458\u9635\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

SELECT<\/span> '2023-09-15 12:34:56'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nSELECT<\/span> CAST<\/span>(<\/span>'2023-09-15 12:34:56'<\/span> AS<\/span> timestamp<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65f6\u533a\u663e\u793a<\/h2>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u65f6\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n
postgres=# show timezone;\r\n TimeZone\r\n----------\r\n UTC\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65f6\u533a\u6539\u53d8<\/h2>\n
\u53ea\u66f4\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h3>\n
set timezone to 'Asia\/Tokyo';\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728postgresql.conf\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u5c40\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/h3>\n
timezone<\/span> = 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/h3>\n
-- \u5909\u66f4<\/span>\r\nALTER<\/span> DATABASE<\/span> db1<\/span> SET<\/span> timezone<\/span> TO<\/span> 'Asia\/Tokyo'<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n-- \u3053\u306e\u5f8cdb1\u306b\u63a5\u7d9a\u3057\u76f4\u3059\u3068\u53cd\u6620\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65e5\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\"image.png\"<\/div>\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u5e26\u65f6\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5199\u4e3a”timestamptz”\uff08\u8fd9\u662fPostgreSQL\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6807\u51c6SQL\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
timestamp\u548ctimestamptz\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n
    timestamptz\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3057\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/ul>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> create<\/span> table<\/span> t<\/span> (<\/span>a<\/span> timestamp<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span> timestamptz<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span>\r\n\u6642\u9593<\/span>:<\/span> 6<\/span>.<\/span>300<\/span> \u30df\u30ea\u79d2<\/span>\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> insert<\/span> into<\/span> t<\/span> (<\/span>a<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span>)<\/span> values<\/span> (<\/span>'2023-09-06 01:02:03'<\/span>,<\/span> '2023-09-06 01:02:03+09:00'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nINSERT<\/span> 0<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n\u6642\u9593<\/span>:<\/span> 2<\/span>.<\/span>058<\/span> \u30df\u30ea\u79d2<\/span>\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> insert<\/span> into<\/span> t<\/span> (<\/span>a<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span>)<\/span> values<\/span> (<\/span>'2023-09-06 01:02:03'<\/span>,<\/span> '2023-09-06 01:02:03+03:00'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nINSERT<\/span> 0<\/span> 1<\/span>\r\n\u6642\u9593<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>.<\/span>199<\/span> \u30df\u30ea\u79d2<\/span>\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> *<\/span> from<\/span> t<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n          a<\/span>          |<\/span>           b<\/span>\r\n---------------------+------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 07<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>2<\/span> \u884c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4ecetimestamptz\u5230timestamp\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n
    \u53ea\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u65f6\u533a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> *<\/span> from<\/span> t<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n          a<\/span>          |<\/span>           b<\/span>\r\n---------------------+------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 07<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>2<\/span> \u884c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> a<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span> from<\/span> t<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n          a<\/span>          |<\/span>          b<\/span>\r\n---------------------+---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 07<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>2<\/span> \u884c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4ecetimestamp\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3atimestamptz\u3002<\/h3>\n
    \u5728\u73b0\u6709\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> a<\/span>::<\/span>timestamptz<\/span>,<\/span> b<\/span> from<\/span> t<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n           a<\/span>            |<\/span>           b<\/span>\r\n------------------------+------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span> |<\/span> 2023<\/span>-<\/span>09<\/span>-<\/span>06<\/span> 07<\/span>:<\/span>02<\/span>:<\/span>03<\/span>+<\/span>09<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>2<\/span> \u884c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06\u65e5\u671f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5316<\/h2>\n
    SELECT<\/span> to_char<\/span>(<\/span>now<\/span>(),<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.US'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    \u5c06”\u65e5\u4ed8\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30b9” \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u8bed\u77ed\u8bed\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u6807\u51c6\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f “\u65e5\u671f\u89e3\u6790”\u3002<\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e2d\u6539\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff09\uff1a
    \n\u5c06::timestamptz\u8f6c\u6362\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> '2021-02-03T04:05:06.789012+09:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamptz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n          timestamptz<\/span>\r\n-------------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span> 19<\/span>:<\/span>05<\/span>:<\/span>06<\/span>.<\/span>789012<\/span>+<\/span>00<\/span>   -- DB\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306fUTC\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u30d1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> '2021-02-03 04:05:06 +09:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamptz<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n      timestamptz<\/span>\r\n------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span> 19<\/span>:<\/span>05<\/span>:<\/span>06<\/span>+<\/span>00<\/span>   -- DB\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30be\u30fc\u30f3\u306fUTC\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u306b\u30d1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>1<\/span> row<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> '2021-02-03 04:05:06 +09:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n      timestamp<\/span>\r\n---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>03<\/span> 04<\/span>:<\/span>05<\/span>:<\/span>06<\/span>  -- +09:00\u304c\u7121\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> to_timestamp<\/span>(<\/span>'2021-02-03T04:05:06+09:00'<\/span>,<\/span> 'YYYY-MM-DD\"T\"HH24:MI:SS'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n      to_timestamp<\/span>\r\n------------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>03<\/span> 04<\/span>:<\/span>05<\/span>:<\/span>06<\/span>+<\/span>00<\/span>  -- +09:00\u304c\u7121\u8996\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u65e5\u671f\u7684\u52a0\u51cf\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h2>\n
    SELECT<\/span> now<\/span>()<\/span> +<\/span> '3 days'<\/span>::<\/span>interval<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> '2023-01-31'<\/span>::<\/span>date<\/span> +<\/span> '1 month'<\/span>::<\/span>interval<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n      ?<\/span>column<\/span>?<\/span>\r\n---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2023<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>28<\/span> 00<\/span>:<\/span>00<\/span>:<\/span>00<\/span>  -- 2\u670831\u65e5\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u6708\u672b\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>1<\/span> \u884c<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u65e5\u671f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/h2>\n
    \u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u51cf\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    select<\/span> '2023-09-05 12:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span> -<\/span> '2023-09-05 12:00:00+09:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span> with<\/span> time<\/span> zone<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06\u65e5\u671f\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a\u79d2\uff08date_trunc(‘second’, timestamp)\uff09<\/h2>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> date_trunc<\/span>(<\/span>'day'<\/span>,<\/span> '2021\/2\/14 01:23:45.678912'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n     date_trunc<\/span>\r\n---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>14<\/span> 00<\/span>:<\/span>00<\/span>:<\/span>00<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>1<\/span> row<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nTime<\/span>:<\/span> 2<\/span>.<\/span>529<\/span> ms<\/span>\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> date_trunc<\/span>(<\/span>'second'<\/span>,<\/span> '2021\/2\/14 01:23:45.678912'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n     date_trunc<\/span>\r\n---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>14<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>23<\/span>:<\/span>45<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>1<\/span> row<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nTime<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>.<\/span>151<\/span> ms<\/span>\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> date_trunc<\/span>(<\/span>'minute'<\/span>,<\/span> '2021\/2\/14 01:23:45.678912'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n     date_trunc<\/span>\r\n---------------------<\/span>\r\n 2021<\/span>-<\/span>02<\/span>-<\/span>14<\/span> 01<\/span>:<\/span>23<\/span>:<\/span>00<\/span>\r\n(<\/span>1<\/span> row<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06interval\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u79d2\u3002<\/h2>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> extract<\/span>(<\/span>epoch<\/span> from<\/span> '1 hour'<\/span>::<\/span>interval<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n date_part<\/span>\r\n-----------<\/span>\r\n      3600<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06interval\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5929\u6570<\/h2>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> floor<\/span>(<\/span>EXTRACT<\/span>(<\/span>epoch<\/span> FROM<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> (<\/span>'2023-09-15 12:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span> -<\/span> '2023-09-13 19:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>)))<\/span> \/<\/span> 86400<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n floor<\/span>\r\n-------<\/span>\r\n     1<\/span>  -- floor\u306f\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5207\u308a\u6368\u3066<\/span>\r\n\r\npostgres<\/span>=#<\/span> SELECT<\/span> ceil<\/span>(<\/span>EXTRACT<\/span>(<\/span>epoch<\/span> FROM<\/span> (<\/span>SELECT<\/span> (<\/span>'2023-09-15 12:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span> -<\/span> '2023-09-13 19:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>)))<\/span> \/<\/span> 86400<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n ceil<\/span>\r\n-------<\/span>\r\n     2<\/span>  -- ceil\u306f\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5207\u308a\u4e0a\u3052<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c06timestamp\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aUNIX\u7eaa\u5143\u79d2\u3002<\/h2>\n
    postgres<\/span>=#<\/span> select<\/span> extract<\/span>(<\/span>epoch<\/span> from<\/span> '2023-09-05 12:00:00'<\/span>::<\/span>timestamp<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n date_part<\/span>\r\n------------<\/span>\r\n 1693915200<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u516c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6 \u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \u6f14\u5458\u9635\u5bb9 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002 SELECT ‘2023- […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL\u65e5\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql\u65e5\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL\u65e5\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u516c\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6 \u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26 \u6f14\u5458\u9635\u5bb9 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002 SELECT '2023- […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql\u65e5\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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