{"id":41431,"date":"2023-09-11T14:14:39","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T10:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd\/"},"modified":"2024-05-03T23:14:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T15:14:18","slug":"postgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql%e7%9a%84%e5%88%86%e5%8c%ba%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL\u7684\u5206\u533a\u529f\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5206\u533a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d<\/h1>\n

\u9019\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5340\u3002
\n\u5206\u5272\u6709”\u8868\u683c\u9593\u7684\u5206\u5272”\u548c”\u7bc0\u9ede\u9593\u7684\u5206\u5272”\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6b21\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8868\u683c\u9593\u7684\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u684c\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5272<\/h2>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u8868\uff08\u5206\u533a\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u8868\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n

\u4f18\u70b9<\/h1>\n

– \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5272\u6765\u7f29\u5c0f\u641c\u7d22\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n– \u53ef\u4ee5\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a\uff08drop table\uff09\u3002
\n– \u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h1>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u5c06\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u5b50\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h1>\n

\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272\u662f\u5c06\u8868\u683c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u5206\u6563\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u5272\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6309\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6708\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u5782\u76f4\u5206\u5272\u662f\u5c06\u8868\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u63d0\u53d6\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u4f4e\u7684\u5217\u6216\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5207\u5272\u6a19\u6e96<\/h1>\n

      \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5272\u952e\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u7684\u97f3\u662f\u5206\u5272\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u5272\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5217\u8868\u5206\u5272\u201d\u548c\u201c\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u5272\u201d\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n
          Range Partitioning: \u6839\u636e\u5206\u5272\u952e\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n
              List Partitioning: \u6839\u636e\u5206\u5272\u952e\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

               <\/p>\n

                Hash Partitioning: \u6839\u636e\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5c06\u5176\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5206\u533a\u4e2d\u3002<\/ol>\n

                \u5b9e\u9645\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b<\/h1>\n

                \u6211\u5c06\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u94fe\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
                \nhttps:\/\/www.postgresql.jp\/document\/9.4\/html\/ddl-partitioning.html<\/p>\n

                \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u5f20\u684c\u5b50<\/h2>\n

                \u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e3b\u8868\uff08\u7236\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/h3>\n
                CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> measurement<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    city_id<\/span>         int<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    logdate<\/span>         date<\/span> not<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    peaktemp<\/span>        int<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    unitsales<\/span>       int<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u521b\u5efa\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff08\u5b50\u8868\uff09<\/h3>\n
                \u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6708\u4efd\u521b\u5efa\u5206\u533a\u3002\uff08\u5728\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\uff09<\/p>\n
                CREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> measurement_y2016m12<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    CHECK<\/span> (<\/span> logdate<\/span> >=<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2016-12-01'<\/span> AND<\/span> logdate<\/span> <<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2017-01-01'<\/span> )<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> INHERITS<\/span> (<\/span>measurement<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> measurement_y2016m11<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    CHECK<\/span> (<\/span> logdate<\/span> >=<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2016-11-01'<\/span> AND<\/span> logdate<\/span> <<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2016-12-01'<\/span> )<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> INHERITS<\/span> (<\/span>measurement<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> TABLE<\/span> measurement_y2016m10<\/span> (<\/span>\r\n    CHECK<\/span> (<\/span> logdate<\/span> >=<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2016-10-01'<\/span> AND<\/span> logdate<\/span> <<\/span> DATE<\/span> '2016-11-01'<\/span> )<\/span>\r\n)<\/span> INHERITS<\/span> (<\/span>measurement<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u6211\u5011\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u8868\u7e7c\u627f\u65bcmeasurement\uff08\u4e3b\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002
                \n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u8868\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528CHECK\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u65e5\u671f\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u6539\u53d8\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h2>\n
                \u7ed9\u5b83\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n
                CREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> measurement_y2016m12_logdate<\/span> ON<\/span> measurement_y2016m12<\/span> (<\/span>logdate<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> measurement_y2016m11_logdate<\/span> ON<\/span> measurement_y2016m11<\/span> (<\/span>logdate<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> INDEX<\/span> measurement_y2016m10_logdate<\/span> ON<\/span> measurement_y2016m10<\/span> (<\/span>logdate<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u3002<\/h3>\n
                \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
                --\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> OR<\/span> REPLACE<\/span> FUNCTION<\/span> measurement_insert_trigger<\/span>()<\/span>\r\nRETURNS<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> AS<\/span> $$<\/span>\r\nBEGIN<\/span>\r\n    INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> measurement_y2016m12<\/span> VALUES<\/span> (<\/span>NEW<\/span>.<\/span>*<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    RETURN<\/span> NULL<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nEND<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n$$<\/span>\r\nLANGUAGE<\/span> plpgsql<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n-- \u30c8\u30ea\u30ac\u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\nCREATE<\/span> TRIGGER<\/span> insert_measurement_trigger<\/span>\r\n    BEFORE<\/span> INSERT<\/span> ON<\/span> measurement<\/span>\r\n    FOR<\/span> EACH<\/span> ROW<\/span> EXECUTE<\/span> PROCEDURE<\/span> measurement_insert_trigger<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n
                \u8bbe\u7f6e\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\uff0c\u63d2\u5165\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\u768412\u6708\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/h3>\n
                INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> measurement<\/span>(<\/span>city_id<\/span>,<\/span> logdate<\/span>,<\/span> peaktemp<\/span>,<\/span> unitsales<\/span>)<\/span> VALUES<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> '2016-12-01'<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 1000<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n-- INSERT 0 0<\/span>\r\n\r\nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> measurement<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nSELECT<\/span> *<\/span> FROM<\/span> measurement_y2016m12<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u63d2\u5165\u503c\u53d8\u62100\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5206\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a0\u3002
                \n\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u63d2\u5165\u672a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/h3>\n
                \u53ea\u8003\u865112\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c1a\u672a\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\u3002
                \n\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u516511\u6708\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
                INSERT<\/span> INTO<\/span> measurement<\/span>(<\/span>city_id<\/span>,<\/span> logdate<\/span>,<\/span> peaktemp<\/span>,<\/span> unitsales<\/span>)<\/span> VALUES<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> '2016-11-01'<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 1000<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\nERROR<\/span>:<\/span>  new<\/span> row<\/span> for<\/span> relation<\/span> \"measurement_y2016m12\"<\/span> violates<\/span> check<\/span> constraint<\/span> \"measurement_y2016m12_logdate_check\"<\/span>\r\nDETAIL<\/span>:<\/span>  Failing<\/span> row<\/span> contains<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2016<\/span>-<\/span>11<\/span>-<\/span>01<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 1000<\/span>).<\/span>\r\nCONTEXT<\/span>:<\/span>  SQL<\/span> statement<\/span> \"INSERT INTO measurement_y2016m12 VALUES (NEW.*)\"<\/span>\r\nPL<\/span>\/<\/span>pgSQL<\/span> function<\/span> measurement_insert_trigger<\/span>()<\/span> line<\/span> 3<\/span> at<\/span> SQL<\/span> statement<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u8fd9\u6b21\u679c\u7136\u51fa\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002
                \n11\u6708\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e8612\u6708\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6392\u65a5\u4e86\u3002
                \n\u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u533a\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u603b\u7ed3<\/h1>\n
                \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672c\u8eab\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u61c2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                \u5206\u533a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d \u9019\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5340\u3002 \u5206\u5272\u6709”\u8868\u683c\u9593\u7684\u5206\u5272&#8221 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL\u7684\u5206\u533a\u529f\u80fd - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql\u7684\u5206\u533a\u529f\u80fd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL\u7684\u5206\u533a\u529f\u80fd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5206\u533a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d \u9019\u662f\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u5206\u6210\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u5340\u3002 \u5206\u5272\u6709”\u8868\u683c\u9593\u7684\u5206\u5272&#8221 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/postgresql\u7684\u5206\u533a\u529f\u80fd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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