{"id":40426,"date":"2023-11-16T13:12:51","date_gmt":"2022-12-04T13:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8spring-boot%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%8cspring-data-jpa%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-01-15T10:36:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T02:36:31","slug":"%e5%9c%a8spring-boot%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%8cspring-data-jpa%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8spring-boot%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%8cspring-data-jpa%e5%85%a5%e9%97%a8%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728Spring Boot\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0cSpring Data JPA\u5165\u95e8\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5728\u5927\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8d44\u6df1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u3002
\n\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u70b9\u4f7f\u6211\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u3002
\n\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u50cfQiita\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fdd\u5b58\u6211\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u6211\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6211\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u3002
\n\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86Spring Data JPA\u3002<\/p>\n

Spring Data JPA\u7684\u6307\u5357<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \u4e0eSpring Boot Guide\u4e2d\u4e0eSpring Data JPA\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6559\u7a0b<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Spring Data JPA\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n

      \u6211\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Spring Boot\u7684Spring Data JPA\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u57282\u53f7\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002
      \n\u81f3\u4e8e3\u53f7\u9009\u9879\u7684Spring Data JPA\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u67e5\u9605\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u67e5\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5b89\u88c5<\/h2>\n

      Maven\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n

      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u8981\u5728Maven\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

              <dependency><\/span>\r\n            <groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\r\n            <artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa<\/artifactId><\/span>\r\n        <\/dependency><\/span>\r\n        <dependency><\/span>\r\n            <groupId><\/span>com.h2database<\/groupId><\/span>\r\n            <artifactId><\/span>h2<\/artifactId><\/span>\r\n        <\/dependency><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c2\u7248\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u572829.1.1 Embedded Database Support\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528spring-boot-starter-data-jpa\uff08\u57fa\u4e8eSpring Boot\u7684Spring Data JPA\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Boot\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199JUnit\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06H2\u6216HSQL\u4e0e\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e00\u8d77\u653e\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
      MySQL\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
      \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u768429.1.2\u8282\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u751f\u4ea7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
      spring.datasource.url<\/span>=<\/span>jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost\/test<\/span>\r\nspring.datasource.username<\/span>=<\/span>dbuser<\/span>\r\nspring.datasource.password<\/span>=<\/span>dbpass<\/span>\r\nspring.datasource.driver-class-name<\/span>=<\/span>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5728\u6559\u7a0b\u548c\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u770b\u5230”com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636eMySQL\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65f6\u4e86\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u540d\u662f”com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”\u3002<\/p>\n
      JPA\u7684DDL\u751f\u6210\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u203b\u53ef\u9009\uff09<\/h3>\n
      \u5728JPA\uff08Spring\u4e2d\u7684Hibernate\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceBean\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u751f\u6210DDL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08H2\u3001HSQL\u6216Derby\uff09\u65f6\uff0cJPA\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u624d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u5728\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5728MySQL\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u5c06\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u542f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u540c\u5728\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
      spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto<\/span>=<\/span>update<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u53ef\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u5305\u62ecnone, validate, update, create, create-drop\u3002
      \n\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
      Spring Boot\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6267\u884cschema.sql\uff08\u5e76\u5728\u8be5sql\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8868\uff09\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u521b\u5efaSQL\u6587\u4ef6\u5462\uff1f\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anone\uff0c\u4ee5\u505c\u6b62\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5<\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u68c0\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
      spring.datasource.tomcat.test-on-borrow<\/span>=<\/span>true<\/span>\r\nspring.datasource.dbcp.validation-query<\/span>=<\/span>SELECT 1<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6587\u5b57\u4e71\u7801<\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTF-8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u65e5\u8bed\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728Spring\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4e3aMySQL\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u4e5f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTF-8\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
      spring.datasource.connectionProperties<\/span>=<\/span>useUnicode=true;characterEncoding=utf-8;<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6211\u53c2\u8003\u7684StackOverFlow\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728IntelliJ IDEA\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u65e5\u6587\u4e71\u7801\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aconnectionProperties\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4eceTomcat\u7684Datasource\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u503c\uff08\u5728\u6211\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u4f5c\u4e3aDatasource\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u9996\u5148\uff0cMySQL\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08MySQL Connector\/J\uff09\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTF-8\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e0c\u671b\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTF-8\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u5c06”characterEncoding”\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aUTF-8\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528UTF-8\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06utf8\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eJDBC\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528UTF-8\u7684characterEncoding\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u6709\u70b9\u513f\u6539\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u7a0d\u7a0d\u610f\u8bd1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b<\/p>\n
      \u521a\u624d\u5728applications.properties\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4e86useUnicode\u548ccharacterEncoding\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728MySQL Server 4.1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0cConnector\/J\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528useUnicode\u548ccharacterEncoding\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Unicode\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9MySQL4.1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4ece\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u7f16\u7801\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u8ba9\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9MySQL\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u800cconnectionProperties\u7684\u503c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9Tomcat\u7684Datasource\u7c7b\u7684setConnectionProperties\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684Javadoc\u4e2d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5c06\u8981\u4f20\u5165Driver.connect(String, Properties)\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7MySQL\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u9012…<\/p>\n
      \u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u5728Tomcat\u7684JDBC\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u8bf4\u660e\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0eApache Commons DBCP\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8econnectionProperties\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u5171\u5c5e\u6027\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728Spring\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9Commons\u7684DBCP\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
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