{"id":39751,"date":"2023-08-04T18:44:10","date_gmt":"2023-11-01T20:57:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/javaspring-bootjpa-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8netbeans%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8bspring-boot-6\/"},"modified":"2024-04-30T16:59:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T08:59:27","slug":"javaspring-bootjpa-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8netbeans%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8bspring-boot-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/javaspring-bootjpa-%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8netbeans%e5%bc%80%e5%a7%8bspring-boot-6\/","title":{"rendered":"[Java][Spring Boot][JPA] \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528 – \u4f7f\u7528NetBeans\u5f00\u59cbSpring Boot (6)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981
\n\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u6216\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6982\u8ff0\u3002<\/h1>\n

Spring Boot\u4f7f\u7528Spring Data\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
\nSpring Data\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u8bbf\u95eeJPA\u548cMongoDB\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528JPA\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/h1>\n

\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b (Sh\u00ed t\u01d0<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528NetBeans\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u6210\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece[\u6587\u4ef6]>[\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6]\u83dc\u5355\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7[Persistence]>[\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u751f\u6210\u5b9e\u4f53\u7c7b]\u6765\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u751f\u6210Entity\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u662forg.springframework.data.repository.Repository<T, ID extends Serializable>\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6d3e\u751f\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d3e\u751f\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u89e3\u8aacCrudRepository\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306aCread\/Read\/Update\/Delete\u64cd\u4f5c\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059PagingAndSortingRepository\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u4ed8\u304d\u306e\u5168\u691c\u7d22\u304c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002CrudRepository\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528@Autowired\u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u5230Repository\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0cSpring\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4ee3\u7406\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

@Component<\/span>\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> SomeClass<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n  @Autowired<\/span>\r\n  private<\/span> SomeRepository<\/span> someRepository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  \/\/ ...<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u5df2\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u9664\u4e86CRUD\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u9664\u4e86CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728CrudRepository\u4e2d\u4e8b\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u6cd51- \u6309\u7167\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u7ea6\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      find…By<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
          read…By<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            \n
          • \n
              get…By<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
               <\/p>\n
                \n
              • \n
                  query…By<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  stream…By Java 8\u306eStream\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
                  \ncount…By
                  \nexists…By
                  \ndelete…By
                  \nremove…By<\/p>\n
                  \u51fa\u73b0\u5728 “By” \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u641c\u7d22\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u526f\u67e5\u8be2\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u62ecDistinct\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u8054\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u591a\u79cd\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
                  \u63d0\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u57282016\/11\/11\u7684\u8ffd\u8bb0\u91cc\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u3010Spring Data JPA\u3011\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \n
                  \u691c\u7d22\u5f0f\u4f8b2\u9805\u76ee\u3092And\u3067\u7d50\u3076findByFirstnameAndLastname(String lastname)<\/code>2\u9805\u76ee\u3092Or\u3067\u7d50\u3076findByFirstnameOrLastname(String firstname, String lastname)<\/code>2\u9805\u76ee\u306e\u9593findByCreateDateBetween(Date since, Date to)<\/code>After\/GreaterThan
                  \nGreaterThanEqual
                  \nBefore\/LessThan
                  \nLessThanEqual
                  \nIsNull
                  \nIsNotNull
                  \nNotIn
                  \nIn
                  \nStartingWith\/EndingWith\/Containing
                  \nNotContaining
                  \nLike
                  \nNotLike
                  \n\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u7121\u8996findByFirstnameIgnoreCase(String firstname)<\/code>\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8findAllOrderByFirstnameAsc()<\/code> findAllOrderByFirstnameDesc()<\/code><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  \u8fdb\u5165\u2026\u2026\u7684\u4e8b\u7269<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                  \u526f\u5f0f\u89e3\u8aacDistinct<\/code>SQL\u306eDISTINCT\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u3067\u3059\u3002Top<\u6570\u5b57><\/code> \/ First<\u6570\u5b57><\/code>\u5148\u982d\u304b\u3089<\u6570\u5b57><\/code>\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u5206\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u540d\u30ea\u30ec\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5148\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  \u65b9\u68482 – \u5b9e\u73b0\u5e26\u6709 @Query \u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
                  \u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
                  @Query<\/span>(<\/span>\"SELECT u FROM User WHERE u.firstname = :firstname\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nList<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>><\/span> findByFirstname<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> firstname<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  @Query\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JPQL\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
                  \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Spring\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5-\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b<\/h2>\n
                  \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u548cJPQL\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5047\u8bbe\u539f\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cRepository\u201d\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c<\/p>\n
                  public<\/span> interface<\/span> UserRepository<\/span> extends<\/span> CrudRepository<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span> Long<\/span>><\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
                  public<\/span> interface<\/span> UserRepositoryCustom<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  public<\/span> void<\/span> executeSomeOperation<\/span>(<\/span>User<\/span> user<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u5c06\u539f\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n
                  public<\/span> interface<\/span> UserRepository<\/span> extends<\/span> CrudRepository<\/span><<\/span>User<\/span>,<\/span> Long<\/span>>,<\/span> UserRepositoryCustom<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u6211\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5236\u4f5c\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
                  public<\/span> class<\/span> UserRepostitoryImpl<\/span> implements<\/span> UserRepositoryCustom<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> executeSomeOperation<\/span>(<\/span>User<\/span> user<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n       \/\/ \u306a\u306b\u304b\u7279\u5225\u306a\u51e6\u7406<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u6211\u5199\u5f97\u518d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
                  \n\u4f7f\u7528 Custom \u7c7b\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u8003\u8bd5<\/h1>\n
                  \u6d4b\u8bd5Repository\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u6211\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528HSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u4fee\u6539pom.xml<\/h2>\n
                  \u5728\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u542f\u52a8\u5668\u3001JDBC\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684JUnit\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n
                  2016\/11\/11\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8ejunit\u548chamcrest\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8d77\u59cb\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                          <dependency><\/span>\r\n            <groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\r\n            <artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-test<\/artifactId><\/span>\r\n            <scope><\/span>test<\/scope><\/span>\r\n        <\/dependency><\/span>\r\n        <dependency><\/span>\r\n            <groupId><\/span>org.hsqldb<\/groupId><\/span>\r\n            <artifactId><\/span>hsqldb<\/artifactId><\/span>\r\n            <scope><\/span>test<\/scope><\/span>\r\n        <\/dependency><\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b<\/h2>\n
                  \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
                  package<\/span> com.example<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n@SpringBootApplication<\/span>\r\n@EnableJpaRepositories<\/span>(<\/span>\"com.example.repository\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> TestApplication<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528@SpringBootApplication\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684Repository\u7c7b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0@EnableJpaRepositories\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b<\/h2>\n
                  \u5728\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0@RunWith\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d@SpringBootTest\u548c@Transactional\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
                  2016\/11\/17 \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a@SpringBootTest\u548c@Transactional\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u6dfb\u52a0@DataJpaTest\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u51faSQL\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
                  package<\/span> com.example.repository<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> com.example.entity.User<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> java.util.Date<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> java.util.List<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> java.util.Optional<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.junit.After<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.junit.Before<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.junit.Test<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> static<\/span> org<\/span>.<\/span>junit<\/span>.<\/span>Assert<\/span>.*;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.junit.runner.RunWith<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner<\/span>;<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n@RunWith<\/span>(<\/span>SpringRunner<\/span>.<\/span>class<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n@DataJpaTest<\/span>\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> UserRepositoryTest<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @Autowired<\/span>\r\n    private<\/span> UserRepository<\/span> instance<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @Before<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> setUp<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n       \/\/ \u521d\u671f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u7528\u610f\u7b49<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    @Test<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> testFindSomething<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n       \/\/ \u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u66f8\u304f<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                  \u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7f51\u5740\u3002<\/h1>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                      Spring Data JPA \u3067\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u5b9f\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                       <\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                          \u3010Spring Data JPA\u3011\u81ea\u52d5\u5b9f\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306e\u547d\u540d\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                           <\/p>\n
                            \n
                          • \n
                              Spring Data JPA\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                               <\/p>\n
                                \n
                              • \n
                                  Spring Boot\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb – JPA<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                  Spring Data JPA\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30ec\u30dd\u30b8\u30c8\u30ea<\/p>\n
                                  org.springframework.data.repository.query.parser.PartTree.java<\/p>\n
                                  Spring Framework\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u30de\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb – \u7d71\u5408\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8
                                  \nTesting improvements in Spring Boot 1.4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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