{"id":388,"date":"2023-08-29T14:34:28","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T10:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97bleu%e5%88%86%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2025-08-02T03:44:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T19:44:52","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97bleu%e5%88%86%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97bleu%e5%88%86%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5357\uff1aNLP\u6a21\u578b\u8bc4\u4f30\u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cBLEU\u5206\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u521d\u5b83\u53ea\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

BLEU\u5206\u6570\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u53e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5019\u9009\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u53e5\u5b50\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5339\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecb\u4e8e0\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

BLEU\u5f97\u5206\u4e3a1\u8868\u793a\u5019\u9009\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u56fe\u50cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u6a21\u578b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528nltk\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684sentence_bleu()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570<\/h2>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\uff08token\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u5019\u9009\u53e5\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5206\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

from<\/span> nltk.<\/span>translate.<\/span>bleu_score import<\/span> sentence_bleu\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u8003\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u53e5\u5b50\u4f20\u9012\u5230sentence_bleu()\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6807\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u62c6\u5206\u53e5\u5b50<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n
    'this is a dog'\r\n    'it is dog'\r\n    'dog it is'\r\n    'a dog, it is'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5272\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
reference =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'this is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'it is dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'dog it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'a dog, it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n]<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>reference)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
[['this', 'is', 'a', 'dog'], ['it', 'is', 'dog'], ['dog', 'it', 'is'], ['a', 'dog,', 'it', 'is']]\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u4ee5\u6807\u8bb0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528sentence_bleu()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u5728Python\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
candidate =<\/span> 'it is dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'BLEU score -> {}'<\/span>.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
BLEU score -> 1.0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6253\u51fa\u4e86\u6ee1\u52061\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u53e5\u5b50\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53c2\u8003\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
candidate =<\/span> 'it is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'BLEU score -> {}'<\/span>.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
BLEU score -> 0.8408964152537145\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u4e860.84\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
3. Python\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0BLEU\u5206\u6570<\/h3>\n
4. \u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570\u7684n-gram\u5f97\u5206<\/h3>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from<\/span> nltk.<\/span>translate.<\/span>bleu_score import<\/span> sentence_bleu\r\nreference =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'this is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'it is dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'dog it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'a dog, it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n]<\/span>\r\ncandidate =<\/span> 'it is dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'BLEU score -> {}'<\/span>.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate )<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\ncandidate =<\/span> 'it is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'BLEU score -> {}'<\/span>.<\/span>format<\/span>(<\/span>sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u5339\u914d\u53e5\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\uff081-gram\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u5339\u914d\u8bcd\u8bed\u5bf9\uff082-gram\uff09\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\uff083-gram\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e9bn-gram\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728sentence_bleu()\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e0e\u5404\u4e2an-gram\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u8ba1\u7b97n-gram\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5355\u4e2a1-gram: (1, 0, 0, 0)\r\n\u5355\u4e2a2-gram: (0, 1, 0, 0). \r\n\u5355\u4e2a3-gram: (0, 0, 1, 0). \r\n\u5355\u4e2a4-gram: (0, 0, 0, 1). \r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
from<\/span> nltk.<\/span>translate.<\/span>bleu_score import<\/span> sentence_bleu\r\nreference =<\/span> [<\/span>\r\n    'this is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'it is dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'dog it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'a dog, it is'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n]<\/span>\r\ncandidate =<\/span> 'it is a dog'<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u5355\u4e2a1-gram: %f'<\/span> %<\/span> sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate,<\/span> weights=<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u5355\u4e2a2-gram: %f'<\/span> %<\/span> sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate,<\/span> weights=<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u5355\u4e2a3-gram: %f'<\/span> %<\/span> sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate,<\/span> weights=<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u5355\u4e2a4-gram: %f'<\/span> %<\/span> sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate,<\/span> weights=<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5355\u4e2a1-gram: 1.000000\r\n\u5355\u4e2a2-gram: 1.000000\r\n\u5355\u4e2a3-gram: 0.500000\r\n\u5355\u4e2a4-gram: 1.000000\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0csentence_bleu()\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7d2f\u79ef4-gram BLEU\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aBLEU-4\u3002BLEU-4\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
(0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0bBLEU-4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
score =<\/span> sentence_bleu(<\/span>reference,<\/span> candidate,<\/span> weights=<\/span>(<\/span>0.25<\/span>,<\/span> 0.25<\/span>,<\/span> 0.25<\/span>,<\/span> 0.25<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>score)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n
0.8408964152537145\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9an-gram\u6743\u91cd\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97BLEU\u5206\u6570\uff08\u53cc\u8bed\u8bc4\u4f30\u66ff\u6362\u5206\u6570\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86BLEU\u5206\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4e2an\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08n-gram\uff09\u548c\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684n\u5143\u8bed\u6cd5BLEU\u5206\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u548c\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5de5\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6536\u83b7\u6ee1\u6ee1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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