{"id":36506,"date":"2022-11-21T13:26:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T06:45:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/apache-%e4%be%bf%e6%8d%b7%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%9b%86\/"},"modified":"2024-01-15T08:59:14","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T00:59:14","slug":"apache-%e4%be%bf%e6%8d%b7%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%9b%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/apache-%e4%be%bf%e6%8d%b7%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%9b%86\/","title":{"rendered":"Apache \u4fbf\u6377\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684Apache\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5<\/h2>\n
httpd -t<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Syntax OK\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u68c0\u67e5 conf \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002
\n\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u3002
\nservice httpd configtest \u6216\u8005 apachectl configtest \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u952e\u5165\u6b21\u6570\u66f4\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n
\u91cd\u542f<\/h2>\n
httpd -k<\/span> graceful\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002
\n\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002
\n\u867d\u7136 service httpd graceful \u548c apachectl graceful \u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6309\u952e\u6b21\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\u3002systemctl graceful httpd \u65e0\u6548\u3002
\n\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86 graceful \u7684\u6587\u7ae01\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 CentOS 7 \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 systemctl reload httpd \u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h2>\n
tailf \/var\/log\/httpd\/error_log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.054284 2017] [<\/span>cgi:error] [<\/span>pid 18504] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59490] script not found or unable to stat<\/span>: \/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/php.ini\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.064974 2017] [<\/span>autoindex:error] [<\/span>pid 18504] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59490] AH01276: Cannot serve directory \/var\/www\/html\/: No matching DirectoryIndex (<\/span>index.html)<\/span> found, and server-generated directory index forbidden by Options directive\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.303906 2017] [<\/span>core:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59494] AH00126: Invalid URI in <\/span>request GET \/sdk\/%2E%2E\/%2E%2E\/%2E%2E\/%2E%2E\/%2E%2E\/%2E%2E\/etc\/vmware\/hostd\/vmInventory.xml HTTP\/1.1\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.304917 2017] [<\/span>core:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59496] AH00135: Invalid method in <\/span>request <script>alert(<\/span>1)<\/span><\/script> \/ HTTP\/1.1\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.311338 2017] [<\/span>cgi:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59498] script not found or unable to stat<\/span>: \/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/awstats.pl\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.312637 2017] [<\/span>cgi:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59498] script not found or unable to stat<\/span>: \/var\/www\/cgi-bin\/awredir.pl\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.445709 2017] [<\/span>core:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59500] AH00126: Invalid URI in <\/span>request GET \/..\/..\/windows\/dvr2.ini HTTP\/1.1\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.446445 2017] [<\/span>core:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59502] AH00126: Invalid URI in <\/span>request GET \/htdocs\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/etc\/passwd HTTP\/1.1\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.447084 2017] [<\/span>autoindex:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59504] AH01276: Cannot serve directory \/var\/www\/html\/: No matching DirectoryIndex (<\/span>index.html)<\/span> found, and server-generated directory index forbidden by Options directive\r\n[<\/span>Sun Jan 01 09:00:00.460959 2017] [<\/span>core:error] [<\/span>pid 18501] [<\/span>client 127.0.0.1:59504] AH00126: Invalid URI in <\/span>request GET \/help\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/..\/etc\/shadow HTTP\/1.1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
util-linux \u5305\u4e2d\u7684 tailf \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540e10\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u884c\u3002tailf \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e tail -f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u65e5\u5fd7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5237\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u597d\u50cf\u73b0\u5728 tailf \u4e0d\u518d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u636e\u8bf4\u4f1a\u57282017\u5e743\u6708\u4ece util-linux \u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 less +F \/var\/log\/httpd\/error_log\u3002<\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u641c\u7d22<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6309\u4e0bCtrl + r\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5c06\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
(reverse-i-search)`':\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5f53\u60a8\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8fde\u7eed\u6309\u2191\u952e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u627e\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
(reverse-i-search)`gra': httpd -k graceful\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528\u8bc4\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u8bb0<\/h3>\n
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u8f93\u5165 #\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u7b7e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e0d\u6613\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
httpd -t<\/span> -D<\/span> DUMP_CONFIG 2>\/dev\/null | grep<\/span> '# In'<\/span> | awk<\/span> '{print $4}'<\/span> #conflist<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
(reverse-i-search)`#conflist': httpd -t -D DUMP_CONFIG 2>\/dev\/null | grep '# In' | awk '{print $4}' #conflist\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
ApacheTop \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u89c6\u548c\u5206\u6790 Apache HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/h2>\n
yum -y<\/span> install <\/span>epel-release &&<\/span> yum -y<\/span> install <\/span>apachetop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
apachetop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
last hit: 06:12:43         atop runtime:  0 days, 00:00:30             06:12:49\r\nAll:            5 reqs (<\/span>   0.2\/sec)<\/span>        332.3K (<\/span>   14.4K\/sec)<\/span>      66.5K\/req\r\n2xx:       5 (<\/span> 100%)<\/span> 3xx:   0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span> 4xx:     0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span> 5xx:     0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span>\r\nR (<\/span> 30s)<\/span>:       5 reqs (<\/span>   0.2\/sec)<\/span>        332.3K (<\/span>   11.1K\/sec)<\/span>      66.5K\/req\r\n2xx:       5 (<\/span> 100%)<\/span> 3xx:   0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span> 4xx:     0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span> 5xx:     0 (<\/span> 0.0%)<\/span>\r\n\r\n REQS REQ\/S    KB KB\/S URL\r\n    2  0.22 123.9 13.8*<\/span>\/\r\n    1  0.04  47.6  2.1 \/blog\r\n    1  0.08  61.5  5.1 \/news\r\n    1  0.06  99.2  5.5 \/news\/2016\/010102\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e76\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u50cftop\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\n\u6309\u4e0bd\u952e\u53ef\u5207\u6362\u5230URL\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u6765\u8bbf\u8005\u3002
\n\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7bad\u5934\u952e\u79fb\u52a8\u6807\u8bb0*\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u53f3\u7bad\u5934\u952e\u5207\u6362\u5217\u8868\u663e\u793a\u548c\u8be6\u7ec6\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
apachetop -f<\/span> \/var\/www\/vhosts\/example.jp\/log\/access.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u6307\u5b9a\u9664\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\/var\/log\/httpd\/access_log\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528-f\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5<\/h2>\n
yum -y<\/span> install <\/span>epel-release &&<\/span> yum -y<\/span> install <\/span>nikto\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
nikto -h 127.0.0.1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
- *****<\/span> RFIURL is not defined in <\/span>nikto.conf--no RFI tests will run *****<\/span>\r\n- *****<\/span> SSL support not available (<\/span>see docs for <\/span>SSL install<\/span>)<\/span> *****<\/span>\r\n- Nikto v2.1.5\r\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n+ Target IP:          127.0.0.1\r\n+ Target Hostname:    localhost\r\n+ Target Port:        80\r\n+ Start Time:         2017-01-01 09:00:00 (<\/span>GMT9)<\/span>\r\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n+ Server: Apache\/2.4.6 (<\/span>CentOS)<\/span>\r\n+ Server leaks inodes via ETags, header found with file \/, fields: 0x1111 0x5058a1e728280\r\n+ The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present.\r\n+ Allowed HTTP Methods: OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, TRACE\r\n+ OSVDB-877: HTTP TRACE method is active, suggesting the host is vulnerable to XST\r\n+ OSVDB-3268: \/icons\/: Directory indexing found.\r\n+ OSVDB-3233: \/icons\/README: Apache default file found.\r\n+ 4197 items checked: 0 error(<\/span>s)<\/span> and 6 item(<\/span>s)<\/span> reported on remote host\r\n+ End Time:           2017-01-01 09:00:05 (<\/span>GMT9)<\/span> (<\/span>5 seconds)<\/span>\r\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/span>\r\n+ 1 host(<\/span>s)<\/span> tested\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7EPEL\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u8f7b\u677e\u5b89\u88c5\u540d\u4e3aNikto\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003”Apache\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n
grep <\/span>01\/Jan\/2017:12 \/var\/log\/httpd\/access_log | awk<\/span> -F<\/span> '\"'<\/span> '{print $2}'<\/span> | awk<\/span> '{print $2}'<\/span> | sort<\/span> | uniq<\/span> -c<\/span> | sort<\/span> -n<\/span> -r<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
     69 \/\r\n     48 \/en\/\r\n     35 \/css\/base.css\r\n     23 \/favicon.ico\r\n     23 \/img\/example.jpg\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u51fa2017\u5e741\u67081\u65e512\u70b9\u671f\u95f4\u6309\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u201c\u4f7f\u7528awk\u548cuniq\u7edf\u8ba1Apache\u65e5\u5fd7\u201d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/h2>\n
httpd -t<\/span> -D<\/span> DUMP_CONFIG 2>\/dev\/null | grep<\/span> '# In'<\/span> | awk<\/span> '{print $4}'<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf\r\n\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/autoindex.conf\r\n\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/userdir.conf\r\n\/etc\/httpd\/conf.d\/welcome.conf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6709\u5173\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u83b7\u53d6Apache\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
http:\/\/www.lesstep.jp\/step_on_board\/apache\/610\/ (\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n
https:\/\/linuxjm.osdn.jp\/html\/util-linux\/man1\/tailf.1.html (\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n
http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/tailf.1.html (\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n
http:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/entry\/www.brianstorti.com\/stop-using-tail\/ (\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n
http:\/\/labs.timedia.co.jp\/2011\/12\/improve-reusability-of-shells-command-line-history.html (\u70b9\u51fb\u94fe\u63a5)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684Apache\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u3002 \u6587\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5 httpd -t Syntax OK \u68c0\u67e5 conf \u6587 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nApache \u4fbf\u6377\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/apache-\u4fbf\u6377\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apache \u4fbf\u6377\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684Apache\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u3002 \u6587\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5 httpd -t Syntax OK \u68c0\u67e5 conf \u6587 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/apache-\u4fbf\u6377\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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