{"id":35047,"date":"2023-10-01T08:52:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T08:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8docker%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%bafastapi%e5%92%8cpostgresql%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T02:20:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T18:20:27","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8docker%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%bafastapi%e5%92%8cpostgresql%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8docker%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%bafastapi%e5%92%8cpostgresql%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u642d\u5efaFastAPI\u548cPostgreSQL"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5148<\/h1>\n

\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u642d\u5efa\u4e86FastAPI\u548cpostgresql\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Laravel\u548cRails\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5f15\u5165FastAPI\u65f6\u611f\u89c9\u6709\u70b9\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5907\u5fd8\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u6bcf\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
\nhttps:\/\/github.com\/nonamenme\/docker-fastapi-postgres
\n\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528docker-compose up -d\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684FastAPI\u73af\u5883\u5c31\u4f1a\u642d\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5907<\/h1>\n

\u8bf7\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u683c\u5f0f\u51c6\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2500\u2500\u2500 project\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 docker-compose.yml\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 Dockerfile\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 fastapi\r\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 main.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30fb\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
version<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>3.7'<\/span>\r\n\r\nservices<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  fastapi<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    build<\/span>:<\/span> .<\/span>\r\n    volumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> .\/fastapi:\/app<\/span>\r\n    ports<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> 8000:8000<\/span>\r\n    restart<\/span>:<\/span> always<\/span>\r\n    tty<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n    depends_on<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> db<\/span>\r\n\r\n  db<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    image<\/span>:<\/span> postgres:15<\/span>\r\n    container_name<\/span>:<\/span> postgres-db<\/span>\r\n    volumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> postgres_data:\/var\/lib\/postgresql\/data\/<\/span>\r\n    environment<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> POSTGRES_USER=postgres<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password<\/span>\r\n    ports<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n      -<\/span> 5432:5432<\/span>\r\n\r\nvolumes<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n  postgres_data<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u968f\u65f6\u66f4\u6539\u5bb9\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
FROM<\/span> python:3.9-alpine<\/span>\r\n\r\nENV<\/span> LANG C.UTF-8<\/span>\r\nENV<\/span> TZ Asia\/Tokyo<\/span>\r\n\r\nWORKDIR<\/span> \/app<\/span>\r\n\r\n# pip installs<\/span>\r\nCOPY<\/span> .\/requirements.txt requirements.txt<\/span>\r\n\r\nRUN <\/span>apk add --no-cache<\/span> postgresql-libs \\\r\n<\/span> &&<\/span> apk add --no-cache<\/span> --virtual<\/span> .build-deps gcc musl-dev postgresql-dev \\\r\n<\/span> &&<\/span> python3 -m<\/span> pip install<\/span> -r<\/span> \/app\/requirements.txt --no-cache-dir<\/span> \\\r\n<\/span> &&<\/span> apk --purge<\/span> del .build-deps\r\n\r\nCOPY<\/span> . \/app<\/span>\r\n\r\n# FastAPI\u306e\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\nCMD<\/span> [\"uvicorn\", \"main:app\", \"--reload\", \"--host\", \"0.0.0.0\", \"--port\", \"8000\"]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0”–reload”\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728main.py\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u5373\u65f6\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
import<\/span> uvicorn<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>\r\n\r\napp<\/span> =<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n@app.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> root<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> {<\/span>\"<\/span>message<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>Hello World<\/span>\"<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n\r\nif<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> \"<\/span>__main__<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    uvicorn<\/span>.<\/span>run<\/span>(<\/span>app<\/span>,<\/span> host<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>0.0.0.0<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> port<\/span>=<\/span>8000<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
fastapi\r\nuvicorn\r\n\r\nSQLAlchemy==1.3.22\r\nSQLAlchemy-Utils==0.41.1\r\nalembic==1.5.2\r\npsycopg2==2.8.6\r\npsycopg2-binary==2.9.3\r\npydantic[email]==1.6.1\r\npython-jose[cryptography]==3.2.0\r\npython-multipart==0.0.6\r\npython-dotenv==1.0.0\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u5f00\u542f\u5bb9\u5668<\/h1>\n
$ docker-compose up -d\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
3.\u786e\u8ba4\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/h1>\n
$<\/span> docker-compose ps\r\n       Name                     Command               State           Ports         \r\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n<\/span>fast-api_fastapi_1   uvicorn main:app --reload  ...   Up      0.0.0.0:8000-><\/span>8000\/tcp\r\npostgres-db          docker-entrypoint.sh postgres    Up      0.0.0.0:5432-><\/span>5432\/tcp\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00http:\/\/localhost:8000\u3002<\/p>\n
{\"message\":\"Hello World\"}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a “\u5e94\u8be5\u663e\u793a\u4e3a”.<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/div>\n
4. \u4f7f\u7528alembic\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h1>\n
\u300c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u70b9\u9ebb\u70e6……\u300d\u3002
\n\u30fbalembic\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fdb\u5165\u5e94\u7528\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n
$<\/span> docker-compose exec <\/span>fastapi sh\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528alembic init\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u8fc1\u79fb\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/h2>\n
\/app #<\/span> alembic init migration\r\n  Creating directory \/app\/migration ...  done\r\n  Creating directory \/app\/migration\/versions ...  done\r\n  Generating \/app\/migration\/script.py.mako ...  done\r\n  Generating \/app\/migration\/README ...  done\r\n  Generating \/app\/alembic.ini ...  done\r\n  Generating \/app\/migration\/env.py ...  done\r\n  Please edit configuration\/connection\/logging settings in '\/app\/alembic.ini' before proceeding.\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2500\u2500\u2500 project\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 docker-compose.yml\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 Dockerfile\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 fastapi\r\n        \u251c\u2500\u2500 main.py\r\n+ <\/span>      \u251c\u2500\u2500 alembic.ini\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>      \u2514\u2500\u2500 migration\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>          \u251c\u2500\u2500 versions\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>          \u251c\u2500\u2500 env.py\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>          \u251c\u2500\u2500 README\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>          \u2514\u2500\u2500 script.py.mako\r\n<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u66f4\u6539DB\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u4e3a4-3\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u521b\u5efa.env\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
\/app #<\/span> touch<\/span> .env\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
DATABASE_URL=postgresql:\/\/postgres:password@postgres-db:5432\/postgres\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6838\u5fc3\/config.py\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n
\/app #<\/span> mkdir <\/span>core\r\n\/app #<\/span> touch <\/span>config.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h3>\n
import<\/span> os<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> functools<\/span> import<\/span> lru_cache<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> pydantic<\/span> import<\/span> BaseSettings<\/span>\r\n\r\nPROJECT_ROOT<\/span> =<\/span> os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>dirname<\/span>(<\/span>os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>dirname<\/span>(<\/span>os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>abspath<\/span>(<\/span>__file__<\/span>)))<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Environment<\/span>(<\/span>BaseSettings<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span> \u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\r\n    <\/span>\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n    database_url<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n\r\n    class<\/span> Config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        env_file<\/span> =<\/span> os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>PROJECT_ROOT<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>.env<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n@lru_cache<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> get_env<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span> @lru_cache\u3067.env\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3059\u308b\r\n    <\/span>\"\"\"<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> Environment<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/h3>\n
+ <\/span>import<\/span> sys<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span># \u76f8\u5bfe\u30d1\u30b9\u3067core\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u304c\u53c2\u7167\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>sys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>..<\/span>'<\/span>]<\/span> +<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>:]<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>import<\/span> os<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>from<\/span> core.config<\/span> import<\/span> PROJECT_ROOT<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>from<\/span> dotenv<\/span> import<\/span> load_dotenv<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> logging.config<\/span> import<\/span> fileConfig<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> engine_from_config<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> pool<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> alembic<\/span> import<\/span> context<\/span>\r\n\r\n# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides<\/span>\r\n# access to the values within the .ini file in use.<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span> =<\/span> context<\/span>.<\/span>config<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Interpret the config file for Python logging.<\/span>\r\n# This line sets up loggers basically.<\/span>\r\nfileConfig<\/span>(<\/span>config<\/span>.<\/span>config_file_name<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# add your model's MetaData object here<\/span>\r\n# for 'autogenerate' support<\/span>\r\n# from myapp import mymodel<\/span>\r\n# target_metadata = mymodel.Base.metadata<\/span>\r\ntarget_metadata<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n\r\n# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,<\/span>\r\n# can be acquired:<\/span>\r\n# my_important_option = config.get_main_option(\"my_important_option\")<\/span>\r\n# ... etc.<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>load_dotenv<\/span>(<\/span>dotenv_path<\/span>=<\/span>os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>PROJECT_ROOT<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>.env<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>config<\/span>.<\/span>set_main_option<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>sqlalchemy.url<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> os<\/span>.<\/span>getenv<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>DATABASE_URL<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> run_migrations_offline<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n...<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
4-4. \u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6210\u7684migration\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/h2>\n
# A generic, single database configuration.<\/span>\r\n\r\n[alembic]<\/span>\r\n# path to migration scripts<\/span>\r\nscript_location<\/span> =<\/span> migration<\/span>\r\n\r\n# template used to generate migration files<\/span>\r\n# file_template = %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>file_template<\/span> =<\/span> %%(year)d%%(month).2d%%(day).2d%%(hour).2d%%(minute).2d_%%(slug)s<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n# timezone to use when rendering the date<\/span>\r\n# within the migration file as well as the filename.<\/span>\r\n# string value is passed to dateutil.tz.gettz()<\/span>\r\n# leave blank for localtime<\/span>\r\n# timezone =<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>timezone<\/span> =<\/span> Asia\/Tokyo<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n# max length of characters to apply to the<\/span>\r\n# \"slug\" field<\/span>\r\n# truncate_slug_length = 40<\/span>\r\n...<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa4-5\u4e2a\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\/app #<\/span> alembic revision -m<\/span> \"create users table\"<\/span>\r\n  Generating \/app\/migration\/versions\/202305121847_create_users_table.py ...  done\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5728migration\/version\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u8fd0\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h1>\n
5-1. \u4fee\u6539\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\"\"\"<\/span>create users table<\/span>\r\n\r\nRevision ID: xxxxxxxx<\/span>\r\nRevises: <\/span>\r\nCreate Date: YYYY-MM-dd hh:ss:mm.ssssss<\/span>\r\n\r\n\"\"\"<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> alembic<\/span> import<\/span> op<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> as<\/span> sa<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.<\/span>\r\nrevision<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>xxxxxxxx<\/span>'<\/span>\r\ndown_revision<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\nbranch_labels<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\ndepends_on<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> upgrade<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>  pass<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  op<\/span>.<\/span>create_table<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>      '<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>       sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>id<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>Integer<\/span>,<\/span> primary_key<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>       sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>name<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>String<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span>),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>       sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>login_id<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>String<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span>),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>       sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>password<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>Text<\/span>(),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  )<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> downgrade<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>  pass<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  op<\/span>.<\/span>drop_table<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c5-2<\/h2>\n
\/app #<\/span> alembic upgrade head<\/span>\r\nINFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl PostgresqlImpl.\r\nINFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume transactional DDL.\r\n<\/span>INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade  -><\/span> xxxxxxxx, create users <\/span>table\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5e76\u5728PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/h1>\n
6-1. \u521b\u5efamodels.py<\/h2>\n
\/app #<\/span> touch <\/span>migration\/models.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> create_engine<\/span>,<\/span> Column<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span> Integer<\/span>,<\/span> Text<\/span>,<\/span> DateTime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy.ext.declarative<\/span> import<\/span> declarative_base<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> core.config<\/span> import<\/span> get_env<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Engine \u306e\u4f5c\u6210\r\n<\/span>Engine<\/span> =<\/span> create_engine<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    get_env<\/span>().<\/span>database_url<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    encoding<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>utf-8<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    echo<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n\r\nBaseModel<\/span> =<\/span> declarative_base<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
6-2. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n
from<\/span> datetime<\/span> import<\/span> datetime<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> create_engine<\/span>,<\/span> Column<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span> Integer<\/span>,<\/span> Text<\/span>,<\/span> DateTime<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> sqlalchemy.ext.declarative<\/span> import<\/span> declarative_base<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> core.config<\/span> import<\/span> get_env<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Engine \u306e\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\nEngine<\/span> =<\/span> create_engine<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n    get_env<\/span>().<\/span>database_url<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    encoding<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>utf-8<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    echo<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>\r\n)<\/span>\r\n\r\nBaseModel<\/span> =<\/span> declarative_base<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>class<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   __tablename__<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   id<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>Integer<\/span>,<\/span> primary_key<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   name<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span>),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   login_id<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>(<\/span>50<\/span>),<\/span> unique<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   password<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>Text<\/span>,<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   created_at<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>DateTime<\/span>,<\/span> default<\/span>=<\/span>datetime<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>,<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\u5206<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>   updated_at<\/span> =<\/span> Column<\/span>(<\/span>DateTime<\/span>,<\/span> default<\/span>=<\/span>datetime<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>,<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span> # \u8ffd\u52a0\u5206<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30fbmigration\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u662fcreated_at\u548cupdated_at<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u7684model\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aalembic\u8c03\u7528<\/h2>\n
import<\/span> sys<\/span>\r\nsys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>''<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>..<\/span>'<\/span>]<\/span> +<\/span> sys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>:]<\/span>\r\n\r\nimport<\/span> os<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> core.config<\/span> import<\/span> PROJECT_ROOT<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> dotenv<\/span> import<\/span> load_dotenv<\/span>\r\n\r\nfrom<\/span> logging.config<\/span> import<\/span> fileConfig<\/span>\r\n\r\n- <\/span>from<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> engine_from_config<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>from<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> import<\/span> pool<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> alembic<\/span> import<\/span> context<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>from<\/span> migration.models<\/span> import<\/span> BaseModel<\/span>,<\/span> Engine<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides<\/span>\r\n# access to the values within the .ini file in use.<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span> =<\/span> context<\/span>.<\/span>config<\/span>\r\n\r\n# Interpret the config file for Python logging.<\/span>\r\n# This line sets up loggers basically.<\/span>\r\nfileConfig<\/span>(<\/span>config<\/span>.<\/span>config_file_name<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# add your model's MetaData object here<\/span>\r\n# for 'autogenerate' support<\/span>\r\n# from myapp import mymodel<\/span>\r\n# target_metadata = mymodel.Base.metadata<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>target_metadata<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span># target_metadata = None<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>target_metadata<\/span> =<\/span> BaseModel<\/span>.<\/span>metadata<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\n# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,<\/span>\r\n# can be acquired:<\/span>\r\n# my_important_option = config.get_main_option(\"my_important_option\")<\/span>\r\n# ... etc.<\/span>\r\nload_dotenv<\/span>(<\/span>dotenv_path<\/span>=<\/span>os<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>PROJECT_ROOT<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>.env<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span>.<\/span>set_main_option<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>sqlalchemy.url<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> os<\/span>.<\/span>getenv<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>DATABASE_URL<\/span>'<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> run_migrations_offline<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>Run migrations in <\/span>'<\/span>offline<\/span>'<\/span> mode.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    This configures the context with just a URL<\/span>\r\n    and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable<\/span>\r\n    here as well.  By skipping the Engine creation<\/span>\r\n    we don<\/span>'<\/span>t even need a DBAPI to be available.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the<\/span>\r\n    script output.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>\r\n    url<\/span> =<\/span> config<\/span>.<\/span>get_main_option<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>sqlalchemy.url<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    context<\/span>.<\/span>configure<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        url<\/span>=<\/span>url<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        target_metadata<\/span>=<\/span>target_metadata<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        literal_binds<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        dialect_opts<\/span>=<\/span>{<\/span>\"<\/span>paramstyle<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>named<\/span>\"<\/span>},<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n\r\n    with<\/span> context<\/span>.<\/span>begin_transaction<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n        context<\/span>.<\/span>run_migrations<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> run_migrations_online<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>Run migrations in <\/span>'<\/span>online<\/span>'<\/span> mode.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    In this scenario we need to create an Engine<\/span>\r\n    and associate a connection with the context.<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \"\"\"<\/span>\r\n- <\/span>  connectable<\/span> =<\/span> engine_from_config<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>      config<\/span>.<\/span>get_section<\/span>(<\/span>config<\/span>.<\/span>config_ini_section<\/span>),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>      prefix<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>sqlalchemy.<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>      poolclass<\/span>=<\/span>pool<\/span>.<\/span>NullPool<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>- <\/span>  )<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>  # connectable = engine_from_config(<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  #     config.get_section(config.config_ini_section),<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  #     prefix=\"sqlalchemy.\",<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  #     poolclass=pool.NullPool,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  # )<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  url<\/span> =<\/span> config<\/span>.<\/span>get_main_option<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>sqlalchemy.url<\/span>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>  connectable<\/span> =<\/span> Engine<\/span>\r\n<\/span>\r\n    with<\/span> connectable<\/span>.<\/span>connect<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> connection<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        context<\/span>.<\/span>configure<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n+ <\/span>          url<\/span>=<\/span>url<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n<\/span>            connection<\/span>=<\/span>connection<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            target_metadata<\/span>=<\/span>target_metadata<\/span>\r\n        )<\/span>\r\n\r\n        with<\/span> context<\/span>.<\/span>begin_transaction<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n            context<\/span>.<\/span>run_migrations<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nif<\/span> context<\/span>.<\/span>is_offline_mode<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    run_migrations_offline<\/span>()<\/span>\r\nelse<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    run_migrations_online<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u751f\u6210\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6 6-4. migration<\/h2>\n
\/app #<\/span> alembic revision --autogenerate<\/span> -m<\/span> \"add columns\"<\/span>\r\nINFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl PostgresqlImpl.\r\nINFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume transactional DDL.\r\nINFO  [alembic.ddl.postgresql] Detected sequence named 'users_id_seq' as owned by integer column 'users(id)', assuming SERIAL and omitting\r\nINFO  [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected added column 'users.created_at'\r\nINFO  [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected added column 'users.updated_at'\r\nINFO  [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected added unique constraint 'None' on '['login_id']'\r\n  Generating \/app\/migration\/versions\/YYYYMMddHHmm_add_columns.py ...  done\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0–autogenerate\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636emodels.py\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709migration\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02migration\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"\"<\/span>add columns\r\n\r\nRevision ID: xxxxxxx\r\nRevises: yyyyyyyyy\r\nCreate Date: YYYY-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.ssssss+09:00\r\n\r\n<\/span>\"\"\"<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> alembic<\/span> import<\/span> op<\/span>\r\nimport<\/span> sqlalchemy<\/span> as<\/span> sa<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.\r\n<\/span>revision<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>xxxxxxx<\/span>'<\/span>\r\ndown_revision<\/span> =<\/span> '<\/span>yyyyyyyyy<\/span>'<\/span>\r\nbranch_labels<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\ndepends_on<\/span> =<\/span> None<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> upgrade<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###\r\n<\/span>    op<\/span>.<\/span>add_column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>created_at<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>DateTime<\/span>(),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n    op<\/span>.<\/span>add_column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>Column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>updated_at<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> sa<\/span>.<\/span>DateTime<\/span>(),<\/span> nullable<\/span>=<\/span>False<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n    op<\/span>.<\/span>create_unique_constraint<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>'<\/span>login_id<\/span>'<\/span>])<\/span>\r\n    # ### end Alembic commands ###\r\n<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> downgrade<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###\r\n<\/span>    op<\/span>.<\/span>drop_constraint<\/span>(<\/span>None<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> type_<\/span>=<\/span>'<\/span>unique<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    op<\/span>.<\/span>drop_column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>updated_at<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    op<\/span>.<\/span>drop_column<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> '<\/span>created_at<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    # ### end Alembic commands ###\r\n<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
6-5. \u8fdb\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
alembic upgrade head\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
7. \u7ed3\u675f\u4e86<\/h1>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728FastAPI\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08\u539f\u6587\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
https:\/\/qiita.com\/Butterthon\/items\/a55daa0e7f168fee7ef0
\nhttps:\/\/qiita.com\/penpenta\/items\/c993243c4ceee3840f30
\nhttps:\/\/qiita.com\/hkyo\/items\/65321d7015121ccf369f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u9996\u5148 \u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u642d\u5efa\u4e86FastAPI\u548cpostgresql\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Laravel\u548cRails\u6846\u67b6\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\n\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u642d\u5efaFastAPI\u548cPostgreSQL - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\u4f7f\u7528docker\u642d\u5efafastapi\u548cpostgresql\u3002\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u642d\u5efaFastAPI\u548cPostgreSQL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u9996\u5148 \u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u642d\u5efa\u4e86FastAPI\u548cpostgresql\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Laravel\u548cRails\u6846\u67b6\uff0c […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/\u4f7f\u7528docker\u642d\u5efafastapi\u548cpostgresql\u3002\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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