{"id":34370,"date":"2023-10-21T17:04:10","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T20:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e9%93%81%e8%bd%a8%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e4%ba%86%e4%bd%a0%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%815\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T05:22:40","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T21:22:40","slug":"%e9%93%81%e8%bd%a8%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e4%ba%86%e4%bd%a0%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%815","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e9%93%81%e8%bd%a8%ef%bc%8c%e6%88%91%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e4%ba%86%e4%bd%a0%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%815\/","title":{"rendered":"\u94c1\u8f68\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4f60\uff01\uff01~5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rails\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4f60\u5427\uff01\uff01\uff5e\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

“\u4f1a\u8bae\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u7740?” sh\u00ec ?)<\/h4>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684HTTP + \u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0cCookie = \u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4fdd\u5b58\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u767b\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7ba1\u7406
\nCookie\uff1a\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff09\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u5546\u5e97\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff09\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n
CookieStore\r\nCacheStore\r\nActiveRecoreStore\r\nDalliStore\r\nRedisStore\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528Redis<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Redis<\/h4>\n
brew install <\/span>redis\r\n\r\nredis-server\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0cRedis\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
redis-cli\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u52a8Redis\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e76\u8bbf\u95eeRedis\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c1d\u8bd5\u73a9\u4e00\u73a9<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>redis-cli\r\n127.0.0.1:6379> set <\/span>foo \"honya\"<\/span>\r\nOK\r\n127.0.0.1:6379> get foo\r\n\"honya\"<\/span>\r\n127.0.0.1:6379> keys *<\/span>\r\n1)<\/span> \"foo\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u503c
\n\u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff1a\u53d6\u5f97\u503c<\/p>\n
\u5c06 Redis \u7528\u4f5c Rails \u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/h4>\n
\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u5165\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u636e\u8bf4redis-rails\u548credis-session-store\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\uff1a
\n\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u5728Gemfile\u4e2d<\/p>\n
gem 'redis-rails'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5e76\u6267\u884cbundle install\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aconfig\/initializers\/session_store.rb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
Rails<\/span>.<\/span>application<\/span>.<\/span>config<\/span>.<\/span>session_store<\/span> :redis_store<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  servers: <\/span>[<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      host: <\/span>ENV<\/span>[<\/span>'REDIS_HOST'<\/span>]<\/span> ||<\/span> 'localhost'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      port: <\/span>ENV<\/span>[<\/span>'REDIS_PORT'<\/span>]<\/span> ||<\/span> 6379<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      db: <\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n      namespace: <\/span>'session'<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  ],<\/span>\r\n  expire_after: <\/span>90<\/span>.<\/span>minutes<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u9519\u5b57\uff08\u5199\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u201cend\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u73af\u5883\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Redis\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5207\u6362Redis\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u4ee5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u8003ENV[‘REDIS_HOST’]\u3002<\/p>\n
export <\/span>REDIS_PORT<\/span>=<\/span>9999\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728\u542f\u52a8Rails Server\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u5bfc\u51fa\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u70b9\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Rails\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h4>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u6216\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3asession\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002session\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u54c8\u5e0c\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u54c8\u5e0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u53bb\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8ePython\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n
# session\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a<\/span>\r\ncurrent_user_id<\/span> =<\/span> session<\/span>[<\/span>:user_id<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\n# session\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f<\/span>\r\nsession<\/span>[<\/span>:user_id<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> current_user<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>\r\n\r\n# session\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\nsession<\/span>[<\/span>:user_id<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> nil<\/span>\r\n\r\n# session\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u7834\u68c4<\/span>\r\nreset_session<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u201crescue_from\u201d\u6765\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u56de\u987e<\/p>\n
\n
\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u610f\u54731xx\u51e6\u7406\u4e2d2xx\u6210\u529f3xx\u30ea\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c84xx\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc5xx\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728Rails\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9759\u6001\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u7f6e\u5728public\/xxx.html\uff08\u5982public\/404.html\uff09\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u5f53\u60f3\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u9664\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528`rescue_from`\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u753b\u9762\u3092\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        config\/environments\/development.rb\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n
        # Show full error reports<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span>.<\/span>consider_all_requests_local<\/span> =<\/span> false<\/span> # \u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306ftrue<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6839\u636e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u3002\u55ef\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
        4xx\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \n
            \u4f8b\u5916\u3068HTTP\u30b7\u30f3\u30dc\u30eb\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u304c\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
             <\/p>\n
              \u30b3\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089ActionDispatch::ExceptionWrapper.rescue_responses\u3092\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/ul>\n
              $ <\/span>bin\/rails c\r\nLoading development environment (<\/span>Rails 5.1.5)<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>1] pry(<\/span>main)><\/span> ActionDispatch::ExceptionWrapper.rescue_responses\r\n=><\/span> {<\/span>\"ActionController::RoutingError\"<\/span>=><\/span>:not_found,\r\n \"AbstractController::ActionNotFound\"<\/span>=><\/span>:not_found,\r\n \"ActionController::MethodNotAllowed\"<\/span>=><\/span>:method_not_allowed,\r\n \"ActionController::UnknownHttpMethod\"<\/span>=><\/span>:method_not_allowed,\r\n \"ActionController::NotImplemented\"<\/span>=><\/span>:not_implemented,\r\n \"ActionController::UnknownFormat\"<\/span>=><\/span>:not_acceptable,\r\n \"ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken\"<\/span>=><\/span>:unprocessable_entity,\r\n \"ActionController::InvalidCrossOriginRequest\"<\/span>=><\/span>:unprocessable_entity,\r\n \"ActionDispatch::Http::Parameters::ParseError\"<\/span>=><\/span>:bad_request,\r\n \"ActionController::BadRequest\"<\/span>=><\/span>:bad_request,\r\n \"ActionController::ParameterMissing\"<\/span>=><\/span>:bad_request,\r\n \"Rack::QueryParser::ParameterTypeError\"<\/span>=><\/span>:bad_request,\r\n \"Rack::QueryParser::InvalidParameterError\"<\/span>=><\/span>:bad_request,\r\n \"ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound\"<\/span>=><\/span>:not_found,\r\n \"ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError\"<\/span>=><\/span>:conflict,\r\n \"ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid\"<\/span>=><\/span>:unprocessable_entity,\r\n \"ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved\"<\/span>=><\/span>:unprocessable_entity}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u30b7\u30f3\u30dc\u30eb\u3092\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5909\u63db<\/ul>\n
                \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Rack::Utils.status_code\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u7b26\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
                [<\/span>4] pry(<\/span>main)><\/span> Rack::Utils.status_code(<\/span>:not_found)<\/span>\r\n=><\/span> 404\r\n[<\/span>5] pry(<\/span>main)><\/span> Rack::Utils.status_code(<\/span>:conflict)<\/span>\r\n=><\/span> 409\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u53ea\u67094\u7cfb\u5217\u624d\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u4f8b\u5916\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f4\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u5f88\u5947\u602a…<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                    \u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\/\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3044<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                     <\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                        ApplicationController\u306brescue_from\u3092\u5ba3\u8a00\u3059\u308b<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                         <\/p>\n
                          app\/controllers\/application_controller.rb<\/ul>\n
                          class<\/span> ApplicationController<\/span> <<\/span> ActionController<\/span>::<\/span>Base<\/span>\r\n  rescue_from<\/span> ActiveRecord<\/span>::<\/span>RecordNotFound<\/span>,<\/span> with: :not_found<\/span>\r\n\r\n  def<\/span> not_found<\/span>\r\n    render<\/span> 'errors\/404'<\/span>,<\/span> status: <\/span>404<\/span>\r\n  end<\/span>\r\nend<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \u5982\u679c\u5728Rails\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u751f\u4e86ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4f7f\u7528with\u9009\u9879\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9875\u9762errors\/404\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56depublic\/404.html\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
                          \u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u61c2\u4e86\u54c8\u54c8<\/p>\n
                          \u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e94\u7ee7\u627fStandardError\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fException\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
                          \u72ec\u81ea\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u521a\u624d\u5728application_controller\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff1f\u6709\u70b9\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5148\u53bb\u641c\u7d22\u4e0b\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u5f02\u5e38
                          \n|
                          \n|- \u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef
                          \n| |- \u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f02\u5e38
                          \n| |- \u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5f02\u5e38
                          \n|
                          \n|- \u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
                          \u554a\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u6982\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u50cfHTTP\u9519\u8bef\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
                          class<\/span> CustomError<\/span> <<\/span> StandardError<\/span>;<\/span> end<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                          \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u5bf95xx\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n
                          \u5f53\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e4\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u610f\u5916\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u5bf9nil\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7531\u5e93(gem)\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
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                          \u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u521a\u624d\u5728\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528`rescue_from StandardError`\u6216`rescue_from Exception`\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
                          \u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e865xx\u7cfb\u5217\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u8f93\u51fa\u9875\u9762\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
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                          \u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
                          \u5c065xx\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5728\u4e8b\u524d\u628a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u7f6e\u5728public\/500.html\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cRails\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56depublic\/500.html\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
                          \u5373\u4f7f\u5904\u7406\u505c\u6b62\uff0cRails\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e1d\u529b\u6c14\u8fd4\u56depublic\/500.html\u7ed9\u6211\u3002\u592a\u68d2\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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