{"id":31801,"date":"2023-12-10T21:30:44","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T03:23:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e6%b3%9b%e5%9e%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a6%81%e7%82%b9\/"},"modified":"2024-05-04T12:59:56","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T04:59:56","slug":"java%e6%b3%9b%e5%9e%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a6%81%e7%82%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java%e6%b3%9b%e5%9e%8b%e7%9a%84%e8%a6%81%e7%82%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"Java\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u8981\u70b9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

“\u7528\u8a9e” \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6f22\u8a9e\u5316\u70ba “\u672f\u8bed” \u3002<\/h1>\n

\u9274\u4e8e\u6cdb\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u5207\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u6458\u81ea\u300aEffective Java\u300b\u7684\u7b2c23\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n

\n
\u7528\u8a9e\u4f8b\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u578b\uff08generic type\uff09List<E>\u4eee\u578b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff08type parameter\uff09E\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\uff08parameterized type\uff09List<String>\u5b9f\u578b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf (actual type parameter)String\u539f\u578b\uff08raw type\uff09List\u5883\u754c\u578b\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\uff08bounded type parameter\uff09<E extends Number>\u975e\u5883\u754c\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u578b\uff08unbounded wildcard type\uff09List<?>\u5883\u754c\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u578b\uff08bounded wildcard type\uff09List<? extends Number><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u53d8\u6027<\/h1>\n

\u5728\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578bX\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7c7b\u578bA\u662f\u7c7b\u578bB\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679cX\u662fX\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5219X\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570T\u4e0a\u662f\u534f\u53d8\u7684\uff08covariant\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679cX\u662fX<\/b><\/b><\/a>\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5219X\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u53d8\u7684\uff08contravariant\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff08invariant\uff09\u3002\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5f02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

\n
\u5909\u6027\u4f8b\u5171\u5909\u3000\u3000List<Integer><\/code> \u304c List<Number><\/code> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53cd\u5909List<Number><\/code> \u304c List<Integer><\/code>\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3068\u306a\u308b\u975e\u5909List<Number><\/code>\u3068List<Integer><\/code>\u306e\u7d99\u627f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Java\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/h1>\n

\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cdb\u578b\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136Integer\u662fNumber\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46List\u4e0d\u662fList\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

    public<\/span> void<\/span> hoge<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> numList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> anotherNumList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        numList<\/span> =<\/span> anotherNumList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/OK<\/span>\r\n        numList<\/span> =<\/span> intList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc       <\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u534f\u53d8\u7684\u3002<\/h2>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cJava\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u5171\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        Object<\/span>[]<\/span> objects<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        Integer<\/span>[]<\/span> integers<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Integer<\/span>[]{<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>3<\/span>};<\/span>\r\n        objects<\/span> =<\/span> integers<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        objects<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> \"error\"<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u4f8b\u5916 ArrayStoreExceptioin<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u64e6\u9664<\/h1>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6d88\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u64e6\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cfT\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\nContainer\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u4fdd\u6301Number\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982Integer\u6216BigDecimal\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Container<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span> extends<\/span> Number<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    private<\/span> T<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>    \r\n    public<\/span> Container<\/span>(<\/span>T<\/span> value<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        this<\/span>.<\/span>value<\/span> =<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>   \r\n    public<\/span> T<\/span> get<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Container<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    private<\/span> Number<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> Container<\/span>(<\/span>Number<\/span> value<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        this<\/span>.<\/span>value<\/span> =<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> Number<\/span> get<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> value<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0a\u9650\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e3aNumber\uff09\u3002
\n\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa new T()<\/h1>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aT\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Illegal<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> T<\/span> create<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> new<\/span> T<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u975e\u505a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Legal<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> T<\/span> create<\/span>(<\/span>Class<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> clazz<\/span>)<\/span> throws<\/span> Exception<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> clazz<\/span>.<\/span>newInstance<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684T[]\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5T\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Sample<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> createList<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> size<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \/\/T\u306eArrayList\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>>(<\/span>size<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570T\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
class<\/span> Sample<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>   \r\n    public<\/span> T<\/span>[]<\/span> createArray<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> size<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> new<\/span> T<\/span>[<\/span>size<\/span>];<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>   \r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570T\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u88ab\u64e6\u9664\u3002\u5728\u6cdb\u578b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u751f\u6210\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570T\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n
List<?> \u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/h1>\n
List<?> \u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u975e\u8fb9\u754c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\u3002List<?>\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5217\u8868\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> void<\/span> wildcardHasAnyType<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> stringList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> integerList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        boolean<\/span> b1<\/span> =<\/span> contains<\/span>(<\/span>stringList<\/span>,<\/span> \"a\"<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/List<String><\/span>\r\n        boolean<\/span> b2<\/span> =<\/span> contains<\/span>(<\/span>integerList<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/List<Integer><\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    public<\/span> boolean<\/span> contains<\/span>(<\/span>List<\/span><?><\/span> list<\/span>,<\/span> Object<\/span> o<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> list<\/span>.<\/span>contains<\/span>(<\/span>o<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7531\u4e8e\u534f\u53d8\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06List\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9List\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5bbd\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728List<?>\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528add\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/h1>\n
List<?> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 null \u503c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f20\u9012\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>List<\/span><?><\/span> anyList<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        anyList<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>\"error\"<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
interface<\/span> UnaryFunction<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> T<\/span> apply<\/span>(<\/span>T<\/span> value<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> Illegal<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>UnaryFunction<\/span><?><\/span> f<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        f<\/span>.<\/span>apply<\/span>(<\/span>\"a\"<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4eceList<?>\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662fObject\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u975e\u5883\u754c\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578bObject\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> void<\/span> bar<\/span>(<\/span>List<\/span><?><\/span> list<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        Object<\/span> o<\/span> =<\/span> list<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        String<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> list<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
List<? extends T> \u5177\u5907\u534f\u53d8\u6027<\/h1>\n
List<? extends T>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u4e0a\u754c\u9650\u5b9a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u578bT\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u754c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u534f\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> numList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><?<\/span> extends<\/span> Number<\/span>><\/span> wildCardNumList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        wildCardNumList<\/span> =<\/span> intList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/OK<\/span>\r\n        numList<\/span> =<\/span> intList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
List<? super T> \u5177\u6709\u9006\u53d8\u6027<\/h1>\n
List<? super T> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u4e0b\u9650\u8fb9\u754c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u578bT\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d85\u7c7b\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9650\u8fb9\u754c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u6cdb\u578b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u9006\u53d8\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    public<\/span> void<\/span> bar<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><?<\/span> super<\/span> Integer<\/span>><\/span> wildCardIntList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n        List<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> numList<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        wildCardIntList<\/span> =<\/span> numList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/OK<\/span>\r\n        intList<\/span> =<\/span> numList<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u653e\u7f6e\/\u7372\u53d6\u539f\u5247<\/h1>\n
\u5728\u300aEffective Java\u300b\u7684\u7b2c28\u9879\u4e2d\uff0cPECS\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
PECS\u8868\u793a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff08producer\uff09\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff08consumer\uff09\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Put\/Get\u539f\u5219\u6216PECS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u578b\u5909\u6570T\u3067\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u304c\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30c7\u30e5\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001<? extends T> \u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u578b\u5909\u6570T\u3067\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u304c\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001<? super T> \u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793aPut\/Get\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684API\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7528Put \/ Get\u539f\u5219\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6458\u5f55\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \/\/\u578bT\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u95a2\u6570<\/span>\r\ninterface<\/span> Consumer<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> apply<\/span>(<\/span>T<\/span> value<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\u578bT\u306e\u5024\u3092\u3082\u3064\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca<\/span>\r\ninterface<\/span> Box<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/span>\r\n    T<\/span> get<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> put<\/span>(<\/span>T<\/span> element<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u5225\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> put<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> box<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    \/\/Consumer\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> applyConsumer<\/span>(<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> function<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
    class<\/span> InvariantSample<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> numBox<\/span>,<\/span> Box<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intBox<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n         numBox<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/OK<\/span>\r\n         numBox<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>intBox<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc      <\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Box \u7684 put \u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7 Box \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u975e\u53d8\u6027\uff0cBox \u4e0d\u662f Box \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06 Box \u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/integer><\/number><\/integer><\/number><\/number>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528put(1)\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4fAPI\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fdbBox\u4e2d\u3002<\/integer>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
        public<\/span> void<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intBox<\/span>,<\/span> Consumer<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> intConsumer<\/span>,<\/span> Consumer<\/span><<\/span>Number<\/span>><\/span> numConsumer<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        intBox<\/span>.<\/span>applyConsumer<\/span>(<\/span>intConsumer<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/OK<\/span>\r\n        intBox<\/span>.<\/span>applyConsumer<\/span>(<\/span>numConsumer<\/span>);<\/span> \/\/\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d88\u8017 Integer \u5143\u7d20\u7684 Consumer \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6d88\u8017 Number \u5143\u7d20\u7684 Consumer \u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u8fdd\u80cc\u3002<\/integer><\/integer>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u754c\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u4e8ePut\/Get\u539f\u5219\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
      void put(Box box) \u306e\u5f15\u6570 Box \u306f\u5024\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30c7\u30e5\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/t><\/t>void applyConsumer(Consumer function) \u306e\u5f15\u6570 Consumer \u306f\u5024\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/t><\/t><\/ul>\n
      \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u5c06Put\/Get\u539f\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
      \/\/\u578bT\u306e\u5024\u3092\u3082\u3064\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca<\/span>\r\ninterface<\/span> Box<\/span><<\/span>T<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u4fdd\u6301\u3059\u308b\u5024\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/span>\r\n    T<\/span> get<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> put<\/span>(<\/span>T<\/span> element<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    \/\/\u5225\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u306e\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> put<\/span>(<\/span>Box<\/span><?<\/span> extends<\/span> T<\/span>><\/span> box<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    \/\/Consumer\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u9069\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    void<\/span> applyConsumer<\/span>(<\/span>Consumer<\/span><?<\/span> super<\/span> T<\/span>><\/span> function<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u7d93\u904e\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u61c9\u7528Put\/Get\u539f\u5247\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7de8\u8b6f\u932f\u8aa4\u90fd\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002<\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nJava\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u8981\u70b9 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Java\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u5e76\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/java\u6cdb\u578b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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