{"id":31228,"date":"2023-03-23T21:51:21","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T08:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8ejava8%e5%88%b0java15%e7%9a%84%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e5%86%85%e5%ae%b9%e9%83%bd%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e5%9c%a810%e5%88%86%e9%92%9f%e5%86%85%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%b8%85%e6%a5%9a%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T22:57:02","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T14:57:02","slug":"%e4%bb%8ejava8%e5%88%b0java15%e7%9a%84%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e5%86%85%e5%ae%b9%e9%83%bd%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e5%9c%a810%e5%88%86%e9%92%9f%e5%86%85%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%b8%85%e6%a5%9a%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bb%8ejava8%e5%88%b0java15%e7%9a%84%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e5%86%85%e5%ae%b9%e9%83%bd%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e5%9c%a810%e5%88%86%e9%92%9f%e5%86%85%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e6%b8%85%e6%a5%9a%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4eceJava8\u5230Java15\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u572810\u5206\u949f\u5185\u7406\u89e3\u6e05\u695a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u662f\u6839\u636ePhilipp Gysel\u5148\u751f\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5728\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4eceJava 8\u5230Java 15\u300b\uff08\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e2021\u5e741\u670818\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eceJava8\u5230Java15\uff0c\u53ea\u970010\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\"Image<\/p>\n

\u4eceJava 8\u5230Java 15\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u9996\u5148\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u81eaJava 7\u4ee5\u6765\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ece\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e2020\u5e74\u79cb\u7684Java 15\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c06\u9010\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5730\u770b\u5230Java\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u70b9\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684Java\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301Lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u901a\u8fc7var\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u96c6\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u9896\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08record\uff09\u548csealed\u7c7b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u9ad8\u6548\u7684Java REPL\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08Java 8\uff09Java 8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u548cLambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u503c\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u6d41\u8f6c\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Java\u7684Stream\u548c\u7a7a\u503c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5355\u5b50\uff08Optional\uff09\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u6d41\uff08Java 8\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u503c\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u503c\u6267\u884c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u5728Java 8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Stream\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
Stream<\/span>.<\/span>of<\/span>(<\/span>\"hello\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"great\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>s<\/span> -><\/span> s<\/span> +<\/span> \" world\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    .<\/span>forEach<\/span>(<\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>::<\/span>println<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n><\/span> hello<\/span> world<\/span>\r\n><\/span> great<\/span> world<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Streams.java \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8fd4\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6d41.java\u3002<\/p>\n
map\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2alambda\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
Stream\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728List\u3001Set\u3001Map\u4e0a\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4e86Stream\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u4ee3\u7801\uff01?<\/p>\n
3. Java 8\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u9879\u5728Java\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cJava\u5f15\u5165\u4e86Optional\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5355\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7a7a\u503c\u548c\u975e\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3aOptional\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
Optional<\/span>.<\/span>of<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> Random<\/span>().<\/span>nextInt<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n    .<\/span>filter<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span> -><\/span> i<\/span> %<\/span> 2<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    .<\/span>map<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span> -><\/span> \"number is even: \"<\/span> +<\/span> i<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    .<\/span>ifPresent<\/span>(<\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>::<\/span>println<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n><\/span> number<\/span> is<\/span> even:<\/span> 6<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Optional.java \u53ef\u9009.java<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u7528Optional\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5076\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
4. JShell\uff08Java 9\uff09\u7ec8\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fJava\u7684REPL\uff0cJShell\uff01?\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528JShell\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u7f16\u8bd1\u6574\u4e2aJava\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u7acb\u5373\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
$<\/span> <<\/span>JDK<\/span>>\/<\/span>bin<\/span>\/<\/span>jshell<\/span>\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"hello world\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nhello<\/span> world<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
JShell.sh \u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u91ca\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u64c5\u957fJavaScript\u548cPython\u7b49\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u53d7REPL\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662fJava\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u4e86JShell\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u591a\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cJShell\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7279\u5b9aJava\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u4e0d\u53d8\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Java 9\uff09
\n\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7f3a\u5c11\u5bf9List\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u3002?\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n
jshell<\/span>><\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> list<\/span> =<\/span> Arrays<\/span>.<\/span>asList<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nlist<\/span> ==><\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6536\u96c6\u65e7\u7684.sh\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
jshell<\/span>><\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>><\/span> list<\/span> =<\/span> List<\/span>.<\/span>of<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nb<\/span> ==><\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6536\u85cf\u65b0\u7684.sh<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u9177\u7684(…)\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728List\u3001Set\u548cMap\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
6. \u57fa\u4e8evar\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad (Java 10)\u5728Java 10\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684var\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
jshell<\/span>><\/span> var<\/span> x<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> HashSet<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>>()<\/span>\r\nx<\/span> ==><\/span> []<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> x<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>\"apple\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>1<\/span> ==><\/span> true<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
TypeInference.sh \u7684\u539f\u751f\u6c49\u8bed\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u63a8\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b.sh<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u53d8\u91cfx\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662fHashSet\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002var\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f53\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u63a8\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
7. \u5355\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u542f\u52a8\uff08Java 11\uff09\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Java\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528javac\u7f16\u8bd1\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528java\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u5728Java 11\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aMain.java\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
public<\/span> class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> args<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"hello world\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5355\u4e00\u6e90\u7801\u542f\u52a8.java<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
$<\/span> java<\/span> .\/<\/span>Main<\/span>.<\/span>java<\/span>\r\nhello<\/span> world<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5355\u4e00\u6e90\u542f\u52a8.sh<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aJava\u7c7b\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u5355\u4e2a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
8. \u5f00\u5173\u98ce\u683c\uff08Java 12\uff09
\n\u5728Java 12\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86Switch\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0e\u65e7\u7684switch\u8bed\u53e5\u6709\u4f55\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u7684switch\u8bed\u53e5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
jshell<\/span>><\/span> var<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> String<\/span> s<\/span>;<\/span>\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> switch<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 1<\/span>:<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> \"one\"<\/span>;<\/span> break<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 2<\/span>:<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> \"two\"<\/span>;<\/span> break<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 3<\/span>:<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> \"three\"<\/span>;<\/span> break<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    default<\/span>:<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> \"unknown number\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span> }<\/span>\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> s<\/span>\r\ns<\/span> ==><\/span> \"three\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5207\u6362\u65e7\u7248\u672c.sh<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684Switch\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
jshell<\/span>><\/span> var<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> var<\/span> x<\/span> =<\/span> switch<\/span>(<\/span>i<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 1<\/span> -><\/span> \"one\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 2<\/span> -><\/span> \"two\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    case<\/span> 3<\/span> -><\/span> \"three\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span>    default<\/span> -><\/span> \"unknown number\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    ...><\/span> };<\/span>\r\nx<\/span> ==><\/span> \"three\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5207\u6362\u65b0\u811a\u672c.sh<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684switch\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662fi\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u662fx\uff09\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Java\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5728Scala\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684switch\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
      \u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u77e2\u5370->\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
       <\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
          break\u306f\u5fc5\u8981\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
           <\/p>\n
            \n
          • \n
              \u8003\u3048\u5f97\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306ecase\u3092\u8003\u616e\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3001default\u306f\u7701\u7565\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
               <\/p>\n
                Java 12\u3067\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001–enable-preview -source 12\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/ul>\n
                9. \u6587\u672c\u591a\u884c\uff08Java 13\uff09
                \n\u4f60\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3cJSON\u6216XML\u7684\u957f\u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5417\uff1f\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\\n\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u96be\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u4eceJava 13\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e86\uff01?<\/p>\n
                \u8bf7\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
                public<\/span> class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> []<\/span> args<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        var<\/span> s<\/span> =<\/span> \"\"\"\r\n            {\r\n                \"<\/span>recipe<\/span>\": \"<\/span>watermelon<\/span> smoothie<\/span>\",\r\n                \"<\/span>duration<\/span>\": \"<\/span>10<\/span> mins<\/span>\",\r\n                \"<\/span>items<\/span>\": [\"<\/span>watermelon<\/span>\", \"<\/span>lemon<\/span>\", \"<\/span>parsley<\/span>\"]\r\n            }\"\"\"<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>s<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32.java<\/p>\n
                \u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u6267\u884cMain\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
                java<\/span> --<\/span>enable<\/span>-<\/span>preview<\/span> --<\/span>source<\/span> 13<\/span> Main<\/span>.<\/span>java<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    \"recipe\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"watermelon smoothie\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    \"duration\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"10 mins\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    \"items\"<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>\"watermelon\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"lemon\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"parsley\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                MultiLineString.sh \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u679c\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u5f15\u53f7””\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5236\u8868\u7b26\\t\u4e5f\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\uff01<\/p>\n
                10. Java 14\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7brecord\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6700\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002Java\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff01\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7record\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5305\u542bGetter\u3001\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001equals\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\uff01??<\/p>\n
                jshell<\/span>><\/span> record<\/span> Employee<\/span> (<\/span>String<\/span> name<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span> age<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span> department<\/span>)<\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n|<\/span> created<\/span> record<\/span> Employee<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> var<\/span> x<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Employee<\/span>(<\/span>\"Anne\"<\/span>,<\/span> 25<\/span>,<\/span> \"Legal\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nx<\/span> ==><\/span> Employee<\/span>[<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>Anne<\/span>,<\/span> age<\/span>=<\/span>25<\/span>,<\/span> department<\/span>=<\/span>Legal<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> x<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>2<\/span> ==><\/span> \"Anne\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5f55\u97f3.sh<\/p>\n
                Scala\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7c7b\uff0cKotlin\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528Lombok\u6765\u63d0\u4f9bJava 14\u7684record\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Baeldung\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                11. \u6ca1\u6709cast\u7684instanceof (Java 14)
                \ninstanceof \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728Java\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
                Object<\/span> obj<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> String<\/span>(<\/span>\"hello\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> (<\/span>obj<\/span> instanceof<\/span> String<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"String length: \"<\/span> +<\/span> ((<\/span>String<\/span>)<\/span>obj<\/span>).<\/span>length<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                InstanceOfOld.java \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n
                \u9057\u61be\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u8ba4 obj \u662f String \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u6362\u7c7b\u578b\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u5728Java 14\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86instanceof\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
                Object<\/span> obj<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> String<\/span>(<\/span>\"hello\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> (<\/span>obj<\/span> instanceof<\/span> String<\/span> mystr<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"String length: \"<\/span> +<\/span> mystr<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                InstanceOfNew.java \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n
                12. \u5c01\u95ed\u7c7b\uff08Java 15\uff09\u4f7f\u7528sealed\u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u6269\u5c55\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u8bf7\u5e2e\u6211\u7ffb\u8bd1\u82f1\u6587\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u201cCan you help me with my homework?\u201d<\/p>\n
                public<\/span> sealed<\/span> interface<\/span> Fruit<\/span> permits<\/span> Apple<\/span>,<\/span> Pear<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    String<\/span> getName<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\npublic<\/span> final<\/span> class<\/span> Apple<\/span> implements<\/span> Fruit<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> String<\/span> getName<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> \"Apple\"<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\npublic<\/span> final<\/span> class<\/span> Pear<\/span> implements<\/span> Fruit<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> String<\/span> getName<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> \"Pear\"<\/span>;<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                \u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b.java<\/p>\n
                \u8fd9\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6c34\u679c\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u671d\u7740\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2asealed\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u65b0switch\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n
                \u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1aJava 8\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u6761\u6b3e\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u662f\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3002\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7Oracle\u505c\u6b62\u66f4\u65b0Java 8\uff08\u514d\u8d39\u5546\u4e1a\u7248\u672c\uff09\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                    \u65b0\u3057\u3044Oracle JDK\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\uff08Oracle\u306f\u5404\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u5f8c6\u30f6\u6708\u9593\u3060\u3051\u7121\u6599\u306e\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                     <\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                        \u81ea\u5df1\u8cac\u4efb\u3067\u53e4\u3044JDK\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                         <\/p>\n
                          \n
                        • \n
                            \u53e4\u3044OpenJDK\u306eJava\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5f15\u304d\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u30b5\u30fc\u30c9\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30d9\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                             <\/p>\n
                              \u30d7\u30ec\u30df\u30a2\u30e0\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u305f\u3081Oracle\u306b\u652f\u6255\u3046\uff08\u4f8b\uff1aJava 8\u306f2030\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff09\u3002<\/ul>\n
                              \u4e0b\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2aJDK\u7684\u4e34\u65f6Oracle\u652f\u6301\u671f\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \"Image<\/p>\n
                              \u6bcf\u4e2aJDK\u7248\u672c\u7684Oracle\u652f\u6301\u8ba1\u5212<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
                              Oracle\u65b0\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u53d1\u5e03\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Oracle\u5c06\u6bcf6\u4e2a\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Java\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0cOracle\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u6539\u8fdbJava\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982Scala\u3001Kotlin\u548cPython\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u6b64\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u83b7\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                              \u603b\u7ed3\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u76846\u5e74\u91cc\uff0cJava\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u4e868\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684Java\u7248\u672c\uff01?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f7fJava\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8eJVM\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff08\u5982Scala\u548cKotlin\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
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