{"id":31104,"date":"2022-12-20T09:34:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T03:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8ejava%e7%9a%84map\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T22:20:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T14:20:55","slug":"%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8ejava%e7%9a%84map","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8ejava%e7%9a%84map\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5173\u4e8eJava\u7684Map"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u603b\u7ed3Java\u7684Collections Framework\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684Map\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

Collections Framework \u4e2d\u7684Map \u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6982\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fCollections Framework\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684Map\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\"undefined\"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u540d\u3069\u3093\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\uff1fMap1\u5bfe1\u306b\u7d10\u3065\u304fkey,value\u3092\u6301\u3064SortedMapkey\u306e\u9806\u756a\u3067\u30bd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308bMapNavigableMapkey\u306b\u3088\u308b\u691c\u7d22\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u6700\u3082\u8fd1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u8fd4\u305b\u308bMapConcurrentMapputIfAbsent, remove, replace \u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4e26\u884c\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u5b89\u5168\u306b\u3067\u304d\u308bMapConcurrentNavigableMapConcurrentMap\u306bNavigableMap\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u3064\u3044\u305fMap\u5728\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6709AbstractMap\uff0c\u5b83\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u5177\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
      key\u306bhashCode\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u7cfb<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      HashMap
      \nLinkedHashMap<\/p>\n

      \u9806\u5e8f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u7cfb<\/p>\n

      TreeMap<\/p>\n

      \u4e26\u884c\u51e6\u7406\u7cfb<\/p>\n

      ConcurrentHashMap
      \nConcurrentSkipListMap<\/p>\n

      \u7279\u6b8a\u7cfb<\/p>\n

      EnumMap
      \nWeakHashMap
      \nIdentityHashMap<\/p>\n

      \u4f7f\u7528hashCode\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5982\u679c\u5c06hashCode\u7528\u4f5cMap\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u952e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u7684hashCode\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728O(1)\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u54c8\u5e0c\u6620\u5c04\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6700\u4f73Map\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
      \n\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728key\u548cvalue\u4e2d\u90fd\u653e\u5165null\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell<\/span>><\/span> HashMap<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> a<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> HashMap<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>>();<\/span>\r\na<\/span> ==><\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> a<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>null<\/span>,<\/span> null<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>2<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> a<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>null<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>3<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> a<\/span>.<\/span>size<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u94fe\u5f0f\u54c8\u5e0c\u6620\u5c04
      \n\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684key\u548cvalue\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anull\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u4e2aMap\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002
      \n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728Map\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell<\/span>><\/span> LinkedHashMap<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> b<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> LinkedHashMap<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>>();<\/span>\r\nb<\/span> ==><\/span> {}<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> b<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>\"1\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"one\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>6<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> b<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>\"2\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"two\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>7<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> for<\/span> (<\/span>Map<\/span>.<\/span>Entry<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> entry:<\/span> b<\/span>.<\/span>entrySet<\/span>()){<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span>     System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>entry<\/span>.<\/span>getKey<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span>     System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>entry<\/span>.<\/span>getValue<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span> }<\/span>\r\n1<\/span>\r\none<\/span>\r\n2<\/span>\r\ntwo<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> b<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>\"1\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"one\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>9<\/span> ==><\/span> \"one\"<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> for<\/span> (<\/span>Map<\/span>.<\/span>Entry<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> String<\/span>><\/span> entry:<\/span> b<\/span>.<\/span>entrySet<\/span>()){<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span>     System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>entry<\/span>.<\/span>getKey<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span>     System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>entry<\/span>.<\/span>getValue<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n   ...><\/span> }<\/span>\r\n1<\/span>\r\none<\/span>\r\n2<\/span>\r\ntwo<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6811\u56fe
      \n\u8fd9\u4e2aMap\u7684containsKey\u3001get\u3001put\u548cremove\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(log(n))\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u8be5\u952e\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7ade\u6280\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell<\/span>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> \"one\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>19<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span> \"one hundred\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>20<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>200<\/span>,<\/span> \"two hundred\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>21<\/span> ==><\/span> null<\/span>\r\n\r\njshell<\/span>><\/span> c<\/span>.<\/span>floorEntry<\/span>(<\/span>150<\/span>).<\/span>getValue<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n$<\/span>22<\/span> ==><\/span> \"one hundred\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      TreeMap\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06null\u4f5c\u4e3a\u952e\u3002\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06null\u653e\u5165\u503c\u4e2d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n
      jshell> c.put(null, \"one\");\r\n|  \u4f8b\u5916java.lang.NullPointerException\r\n|        at Objects.requireNonNull (Objects.java:208)\r\n|        at TreeMap.put (TreeMap.java:809)\r\n|        at TreeMap.put (TreeMap.java:534)\r\n|        at (#23:1)\r\n\r\njshell> c.put(300, null);\r\n$24 ==> null\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528computeIfAbsent\u548ccomputeIfPresent\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5177\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5e76\u53d1\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868
      \n\u5728\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528computeIfPresent\u66f4\u6539value\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5177\u6709\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
      import<\/span> java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    \/\/    public static HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> static<\/span> ConcurrentHashMap<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>,<\/span> Integer<\/span>><\/span> map<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> ConcurrentHashMap<\/span><>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    static<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        map<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>\"key\"<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> args<\/span>)<\/span> throws<\/span> InterruptedException<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        Thread<\/span> thread1<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> MyTask<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n        thread1<\/span>.<\/span>start<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        Thread<\/span> thread2<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> MyTask<\/span>());<\/span>\r\n        thread2<\/span>.<\/span>start<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        thread1<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        thread2<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n        System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>map<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>\"key\"<\/span>));<\/span> \/\/ConcurrentHashMap\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3089\u5e38\u306b 201\u3002HashMap \u3060\u3068\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>\r\n\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> MyTask<\/span> implements<\/span> Runnable<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    public<\/span> void<\/span> run<\/span>()<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span> <<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span> i<\/span>++)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            Main<\/span>.<\/span>map<\/span>.<\/span>computeIfPresent<\/span>(<\/span>\"key\"<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>key<\/span>,<\/span> value<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> value<\/span> +<\/span> 1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u770b\u8d77\u6765key\u548cvalue\u90fd\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7null\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell> d.put(\"a\", null);\r\n|  \u4f8b\u5916java.lang.NullPointerException\r\n|        at ConcurrentHashMap.putVal (ConcurrentHashMap.java:1011)\r\n|        at ConcurrentHashMap.put (ConcurrentHashMap.java:1006)\r\n|        at (#27:1)\r\n\r\njshell> d.put(null,\"a\");\r\n|  \u4f8b\u5916java.lang.NullPointerException\r\n|        at ConcurrentHashMap.putVal (ConcurrentHashMap.java:1011)\r\n|        at ConcurrentHashMap.put (ConcurrentHashMap.java:1006)\r\n|        at (#28:1)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8df3\u8868\u56fe\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u7528\u8df3\u8dc3\u8868\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95eeMap\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728key\u548cvalue\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7null\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7cfb\u522b<\/p>\n
      \u679a\u4e3e\u6620\u5c04
      \nkey\u53ea\u80fd\u662fEnum\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Map\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06key\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anull\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06value\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3anull\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell> public enum DayOfWeek {\r\n   ...>     MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY\r\n   ...> }\r\n|  \u6b21\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f: \u5217\u6319\u578b DayOfWeek\r\n\r\njshell> EnumMap<DayOfWeek, String> e = new EnumMap<>(DayOfWeek.class);\r\ne ==> {}\r\n\r\njshell> e.put(null, null);\r\n|  \u4f8b\u5916java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke \"Object.getClass()\" because \"key\" is null\r\n|        at EnumMap.typeCheck (EnumMap.java:736)\r\n|        at EnumMap.put (EnumMap.java:264)\r\n|        at (#33:1)\r\n\r\njshell> e.put(DayOfWeek.MONDAY, null);\r\n$34 ==> null\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7684Map\uff1a\u5f53\u4e0ekey\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5e76\u4eceMap\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f\u5f53\u6211\u8c03\u67e5Spring\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aAbstractClassGenerator\u7684\u7c7b\u4e2d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
          private<\/span> static<\/span> volatile<\/span> Map<\/span><<\/span>ClassLoader<\/span>,<\/span> ClassLoaderData<\/span>><\/span> CACHE<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> WeakHashMap<\/span><<\/span>ClassLoader<\/span>,<\/span> ClassLoaderData<\/span>>();<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u6839\u636e\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u518d\u6df1\u5165\u8ffd\u7a76\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      WeakHashMap\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728key\u548cvalue\u4e2d\u90fd\u653e\u5165null\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell> WeakHashMap<Integer, String> g = new WeakHashMap<>();\r\ng ==> {}\r\n\r\njshell> g.put(null, \"a\");\r\n$2 ==> null\r\n\r\njshell> g.put(1, null);\r\n$3 ==> null\r\n\r\njshell> g.size();\r\n$4 ==> 2\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8eab\u4efdHashMap\u5224\u5b9a key \u662f\u5426\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728 IdentityHashMap \u4e2d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 Map \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6 Map \u4e2d\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u4e24\u4e2a key \u662f\u5426\u76f8\u7b49\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 k1.equals(k2) \u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728 IdentityHashMap \u4e2d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 k1 == k2 \u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
      jshell> HashMap<Integer, String> hash = new HashMap<>();\r\nhash ==> {}\r\n\r\njshell> IdentityHashMap<Integer, String> identity = new IdentityHashMap<>();\r\nidentity ==> {}\r\n\r\njshell> hash.put(1, \"one\");\r\n$29 ==> null\r\n\r\njshell> hash.get(new Integer(1));\r\n|  \u8b66\u544a:\r\n|  java.lang.Integer\u306eInteger(int)\u306f\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u524a\u9664\u7528\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\r\n|  hash.get(new Integer(1));\r\n|           ^------------^\r\n$30 ==> \"one\"\r\n\r\njshell> identity.put(1, \"one\");\r\n$31 ==> null\r\n\r\njshell> identity.get(new Integer(1));\r\n|  \u8b66\u544a:\r\n|  java.lang.Integer\u306eInteger(int)\u306f\u63a8\u5968\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u524a\u9664\u7528\u306b\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\r\n|  identity.get(new Integer(1));\r\n|               ^------------^\r\n$32 ==> null\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      IdentityHashMap\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728key\u548cvalue\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u653enull\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u6211\u5927\u81f4\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e86Collections Framework\u4e2d\u7684Map\u3002\u6316\u6398\u6bcf\u4e2aMap\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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