{"id":30111,"date":"2022-10-31T09:51:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T22:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%ef%bc%94%ef%bc%90%e4%bb%a3%e3%81%8a%e3%81%a3%e3%81%95%e3%82%93fastapi%e3%80%81mongodb%e9%80%a3%e6%90%ba%e3%83%a1%e3%83%a2%e2%91%a1\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T17:37:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T09:37:04","slug":"%ef%bc%94%ef%bc%90%e4%bb%a3%e3%81%8a%e3%81%a3%e3%81%95%e3%82%93fastapi%e3%80%81mongodb%e9%80%a3%e6%90%ba%e3%83%a1%e3%83%a2%e2%91%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%ef%bc%94%ef%bc%90%e4%bb%a3%e3%81%8a%e3%81%a3%e3%81%95%e3%82%93fastapi%e3%80%81mongodb%e9%80%a3%e6%90%ba%e3%83%a1%e3%83%a2%e2%91%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"\uff14\uff10\u4ee3\u304a\u3063\u3055\u3093FastAPI\u3001MongoDB\u9023\u643a\u30e1\u30e2\u2461"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u544a\u77e5\u6211\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u3002<\/p>\n

\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93.py<\/p>\n
async<\/span> def<\/span> db_get_todos<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> list<\/span>:<\/span> # \u4e00\u89a7\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306blist\u578b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>    todos<\/span> =<\/span> []<\/span> # MongoDB\u304b\u3089\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u914d\u5217\r\n<\/span>    # \u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u51e6\u7406\r\n<\/span>    for<\/span> todo<\/span> in<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>().<\/span>to_list<\/span>(<\/span>length<\/span>=<\/span>100<\/span>):<\/span> # length\u3067\u6700\u5927\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>        todos<\/span>.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>))<\/span> # for\u6587\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u305f\u7269\u3092todos\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\r\n<\/span>    return<\/span> todos<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
collection_todo.find()motor\u306e\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9(‘find()’)
\n‘find()’\u306fmotor\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e<\/p>\n
to_list\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u901a\u4fe1\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067async\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u306a\u308b<\/p>\n
\u8def\u7ebf_\u5f85\u529e.py .py)<\/p>\n
@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>List<\/span>[<\/span>Todo<\/span>])<\/span> # \u4e00\u89a7\u53d6\u5f97\u306a\u306e\u3067List\u578b\u3067\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\r\n<\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> get_todos<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_get_todos<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93.py<\/p>\n
from<\/span> bson<\/span> import<\/span> ObjectId<\/span>\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> db_get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Union<\/span>[<\/span>dict<\/span>,<\/span> bool<\/span>]:<\/span> # \u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3044id\u3092string\u3067\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306fdict,bool\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find_one<\/span>({<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> ObjectId<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)})<\/span> # ObjectId\u306b\u5909\u63db\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> todo<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
from bson import ObjectIdMongo DB\u3067\u306fBson\u3068\u3046\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/p>\n
route_todo.py \u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u8def\u7ebf\u5f85\u529e\u4e8b\u9879.py<\/p>\n
@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo\/{id}<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>Todo<\/span>)<\/span> # \u4e00\u3064\u3057\u304b\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\r\n<\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n    raise<\/span> HTTPException<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        status_code<\/span>=<\/span>404<\/span>,<\/span> detail<\/span>=<\/span>f<\/span>\"<\/span>Task of ID:<\/span>{<\/span>id<\/span>}<\/span> doesn<\/span>'<\/span>t exist<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u4e0a\u6b21\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93.py<\/p>\n
from<\/span> decouple<\/span> import<\/span> config<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> typing<\/span> import<\/span> Union<\/span> # \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\uff12\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\r\n<\/span>import<\/span> motor.motor_asyncio<\/span> # \u3053\u3061\u3089\u3067MongoDB\u9023\u643a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> bson<\/span> import<\/span> ObjectId<\/span> # MongoDB\u5185\u3067Bson\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30c8\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\r\n<\/span>\r\nMONGO_API_KEY<\/span> =<\/span> config<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>MONGO_API_KEY<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span> # config\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\r\n<\/span>\r\nclient<\/span> =<\/span> motor<\/span>.<\/span>motor_asyncio<\/span>.<\/span>AsyncIOMotorClient<\/span>(<\/span>MONGO_API_KEY<\/span>)<\/span> # MongoDB\u9023\u643a API\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u6e21\u3059\r\n<\/span>database<\/span> =<\/span> client<\/span>.<\/span>API_DB<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>collection_todo<\/span> =<\/span> database<\/span>.<\/span>todo<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>collection_user<\/span> =<\/span> database<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>\r\n# insert_one\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u3067\u8fd4\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>def<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> dict<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>]),<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>title<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>title<\/span>\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>description<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>description<\/span>\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> dict<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Union<\/span>[<\/span>dict<\/span>,<\/span> bool<\/span>]:<\/span> # Union\u3067\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092dict, bool\u9078\u3079\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>insert_one<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>)<\/span> # insert_one\u306e\u8fd4\u308a\u5024 insertResult(\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9)\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\r\n<\/span>    new_todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find_one<\/span>({<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>.<\/span>inserted_id<\/span>})<\/span> # find_one\u3067id\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\r\n<\/span>    # find_one\u306e\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3057\u5224\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> new_todo<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>new_todo<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n    return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> db_get_todos<\/span>()<\/span> -><\/span> list<\/span>:<\/span> # \u4e00\u89a7\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306blist\u578b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>    todos<\/span> =<\/span> []<\/span> # MongoDB\u304b\u3089\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u914d\u5217\r\n<\/span>    # \u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4e00\u89a7\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u51e6\u7406\r\n<\/span>    for<\/span> todo<\/span> in<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>().<\/span>to_list<\/span>(<\/span>length<\/span>=<\/span>100<\/span>):<\/span> # length\u3067\u6700\u5927\u4ef6\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>        todos<\/span>.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>))<\/span> # for\u6587\u3067\u5c55\u958b\u3057\u305f\u7269\u3092todos\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\r\n<\/span>    return<\/span> todos<\/span>\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> db_get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Union<\/span>[<\/span>dict<\/span>,<\/span> bool<\/span>]:<\/span> # \u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3044id\u3092string\u3067\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306fdict,bool\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find_one<\/span>({<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> ObjectId<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)})<\/span> # ObjectId\u306b\u5909\u63db\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> todo<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8def\u7ebf_\u5f85\u529e.py<\/p>\n
from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> APIRouter<\/span> # router\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> Response<\/span>,<\/span> Request<\/span>,<\/span> HTTPException<\/span> # 11\u884c\u76ee\u300121\u884c\u76ee\u306e\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> fastapi.encoders<\/span> import<\/span> jsonable_encoder<\/span> # jsonable_encoder\u578b\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> schemas<\/span> import<\/span> Todo<\/span>,<\/span> TodoBody<\/span> # \u578b\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> database<\/span> import<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span>,<\/span> db_get_todos<\/span>,<\/span> db_get_single_todo<\/span> # database.py\u3067\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> starlette.status<\/span> import<\/span> HTTP_201_CREATED<\/span> # \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> typing<\/span> import<\/span> List<\/span> # List\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u305f\u3081\r\n<\/span>\r\nrouter<\/span> =<\/span> APIRouter<\/span>()<\/span> # \u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u5316\r\n<\/span>\r\n@router.post<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>Todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>:<\/span> Request<\/span>,<\/span> response<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span>,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span>TodoBody<\/span>):<\/span> # \u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> jsonable_encoder<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>)<\/span> # \u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305fdata\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\r\n<\/span>    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    response<\/span>.<\/span>status_code<\/span> =<\/span> HTTP_201_CREATED<\/span> # \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\r\n<\/span>    # jsonable_encoder\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070none\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n    # none\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u51e6\u7406\r\n<\/span>    raise<\/span> HTTPException<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        status_code<\/span>=<\/span>404<\/span>,<\/span> detail<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>Create task failed<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>List<\/span>[<\/span>Todo<\/span>])<\/span> # \u4e00\u89a7\u53d6\u5f97\u306a\u306e\u3067List\u578b\u3067\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\r\n<\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> get_todos<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_get_todos<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n\r\n@router.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo\/{id}<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>Todo<\/span>)<\/span> # \u4e00\u3064\u3057\u304b\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\r\n<\/span>async<\/span> def<\/span> get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_get_single_todo<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n    raise<\/span> HTTPException<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        status_code<\/span>=<\/span>404<\/span>,<\/span> detail<\/span>=<\/span>f<\/span>\"<\/span>Task of ID:<\/span>{<\/span>id<\/span>}<\/span> doesn<\/span>'<\/span>t exist<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003
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