{"id":30023,"date":"2023-01-14T07:06:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T00:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e9%87%91%e5%ad%97%e5%a1%94%ef%bc%88python%e7%9a%84web%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%ef%bc%89%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T17:07:10","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T09:07:10","slug":"%e9%87%91%e5%ad%97%e5%a1%94%ef%bc%88python%e7%9a%84web%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%ef%bc%89%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e9%87%91%e5%ad%97%e5%a1%94%ef%bc%88python%e7%9a%84web%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%ef%bc%89%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff08Python\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff09\u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86Pyramid\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f51\u5740\u7684URL<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7840\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
if<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> '__main__'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    with<\/span> Configurator<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>add_route<\/span>(<\/span>'\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u524d'<\/span>,<\/span> 'url\u306e\u6307\u5b9a'<\/span>)<\/span>  # \u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>        config<\/span>.<\/span>scan<\/span>()<\/span>  # \u78ba\u5b9a\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
@<\/span>view_config<\/span>(<\/span>route_name<\/span>=<\/span>'\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u524d'<\/span>,<\/span> renderer<\/span>=<\/span>'json'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> \u9069\u5f53\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u540d<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    \u51e6\u7406<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> {}<\/span>  # renderer\u306bjson\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u8fd4\u305b\u308b\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
API\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u914d\u7f6econfig\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528{}\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\/users\/user_id\/login\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536user_id\u548clogin\u8fd9\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
if<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> '__main__'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    with<\/span> Configurator<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>add_route<\/span>(<\/span>'\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u524d'<\/span>,<\/span> '\/users\/{id}{func:.*}'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>scan<\/span>()<\/span>  # \u78ba\u5b9a\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5907\u7528\u3002\u5c06user_id\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aid\uff0c\u5c06\/login\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3afunc\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528request\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684matchdict\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
@<\/span>view_config<\/span>(<\/span>route_name<\/span>=<\/span>'\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u540d\u524d'<\/span>,<\/span> renderer<\/span>=<\/span>'json'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> \u9069\u5f53\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u540d<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>matchdict<\/span>[<\/span>\"func\"<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> \"\/login\"<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        \/<\/span>users<\/span>\/<\/span>user_id<\/span>\/<\/span>login\u306euser_id\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u305f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046<\/span>\r\n        user_id\u306furl\u306e<\/span>{<\/span>id<\/span>}<\/span>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308a<\/span>\u3001<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>matchdict<\/span>[<\/span>\"id\"<\/span>]<\/span>\u306b\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n\r\n    elif<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>.<\/span>matchdict<\/span>[<\/span>\"func\"<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> \"\"<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n        url\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u6642\u306b<\/span>\/<\/span>users<\/span>\/<\/span>user_id\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408func\u304c\u7a7a\u306a\u306e\u3067<\/span>\u3001<\/span>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070REST\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070GET\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046<\/span>\r\n\r\n    return<\/span> {}<\/span>  # renderer\u306bjson\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3068\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u8fd4\u305b\u308b\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u60f3\u5c06\u5e26\u6709@view_config\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570(route\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570)\u653e\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002
\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528config.scan()\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u592a\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u628a\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684@view_config\u53bb\u6389\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e3b\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199(:3\u300d\u2220)<\/p>\n
# const\/const_map.py\u5185\u306econst_map\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u547c\u3073\u51fa\u3059\r\n<\/span>sys<\/span>.<\/span>path<\/span>.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>\"const\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> const_map<\/span> import<\/span> *<\/span>\r\n\r\n@<\/span>view_config<\/span>(<\/span>route_name<\/span>=<\/span>'const_map'<\/span>,<\/span> renderer<\/span>=<\/span>'json'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> call_const_map<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> const_map<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u53d1\u5177\u6709\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
if<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> '__main__'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    with<\/span> Configurator<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>add_static_view<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>=<\/span>'\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9URL'<\/span>,<\/span> path<\/span>=<\/span>'\u516c\u958b\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u6307\u5b9a\u3002\u76f8\u5bfe\u30d1\u30b9\u3082\u53ef'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
pyramid-mongoengine\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
config\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528pcreate\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709ini\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u624b\u518c\u4e5f\u53ea\u5199\u4e86\u8981\u5728ini\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f \u8bf7\u5c06mongo_url\u548cmongodb_name\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230config\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
if<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> '__main__'<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    with<\/span> Configurator<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> config<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>add_settings<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n            \"mongo_url\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"mongodb:\/\/\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u306eurl[:\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8(\u7701\u7565\u53ef)]\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n            \"mongodb_name\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308bDB\u540d\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        })<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>include<\/span>(<\/span>\"pyramid_mongoengine\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n        config<\/span>.<\/span>add_connection_database<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n
\u6536\u85cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u5728\u521b\u5efa MogoEngine \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u6784\u5efa\u7c7b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u5c06\u7c7b\u540d\u4e0e mongodb \u96c6\u5408\u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u610f\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u7c7b\u540d\u547d\u540d\u4e3a UserEvent\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u540d\u4e3a user_event \u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff1ahttp:\/\/docs.mongoengine.org\/guide\/defining-documents.html#fields\u3002<\/p>\n
db<\/span> =<\/span> MongoEngine<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u540d<\/span>(<\/span>db<\/span>.<\/span>Document<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    \u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u540d<\/span> =<\/span> db<\/span>.<\/span>\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u578b<\/span>(<\/span>required<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30c9\u30c3\u30c8\u8a18\u6cd5\u3067\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001MongoEngine\u3067\u306f\u30c9\u30c3\u30c8\u8a18\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304fPython\u306e\u5c5e\u6027\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u8a18\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1aMongoEngine\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u7684MongoDB\u8bed\u6cd5\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528MongoDB\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u5728MongoEngine\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b26\u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
    .<\/span>update<\/span>({<\/span>\"$set\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\"value\"<\/span>:<\/span> value<\/span>}})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728MongoEngine\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n
    .<\/span>update<\/span>(<\/span>set__value<\/span>=<\/span>value<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u628a”\u3068$set”\u5199\u4f5c”set__”\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2
\n\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6536\u85cf\u5217\u8868\uff0c<\/p>\n
\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u7528\u30af\u30e9\u30b9<\/span>.<\/span>objects<\/span>(<\/span>\u30d5\u30a3\u30eb\u30bf<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5217\u8868(\u6e38\u6807)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728renderer\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86json\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a<\/p>\n
.<\/span>first<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7return\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c.save()\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u8868\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56deNone\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c06JSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
.<\/span>to_json<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528print()\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6392\u9664_id\u8bf7\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
.<\/span>exclude<\/span>(<\/span>\"id\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ed9\u4e88\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f1a\u8bae<\/p>\n
\u997c\u5e72<\/p>\n
# import\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> pyramid.session<\/span> import<\/span> SignedCookieSessionFactory<\/span>\r\n\r\n# config\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>session_factory<\/span> =<\/span> SignedCookieSessionFactory<\/span>(<\/span>'\u30b7\u30fc\u30af\u30ec\u30c3\u30c8\u6587\u5b57\u5217'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span>.<\/span>set_session_factory<\/span>(<\/span>session_factory<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
Set-Cookie: session=\u6587\u5b57\u5217;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528Cookie\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7b49\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u70e7\u676f\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528Cookie\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u4f1a\u8bddID\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6301\u6709\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
Set-Cookie:  beaker.session.id=\u6587\u5b57\u5217;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c31\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u65e0\u540e\u987e\u4e4b\u5fe7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u55ef\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u4e13\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
config<\/span>.<\/span>add_settings<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n    \"session.type\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"memory\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    \"session.cookie_expires\"<\/span>:<\/span> True<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n})<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span>.<\/span>include<\/span>(<\/span>'pyramid_beaker'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
MongoDB\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3abacker_cache\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ext:memcached \u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
config<\/span>.<\/span>add_settings<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n    'session.type'<\/span>:<\/span> 'ext:mongodb'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    'session.url'<\/span>:<\/span> 'mongodb:\/\/\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u540d:\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u540d\/DB\u540d'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n})<\/span>\r\nconfig<\/span>.<\/span>include<\/span>(<\/span>'pyramid_beaker'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
request<\/span>.<\/span>session<\/span>[<\/span>\"\u540d\u524d\"<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> \u5024<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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