{"id":30016,"date":"2024-01-25T09:09:05","date_gmt":"2023-07-15T09:01:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8express%e5%92%8cmongodb%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%8d%b3%e5%b8%ad%e7%9a%84restapi\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T17:04:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T09:04:31","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8express%e5%92%8cmongodb%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%8d%b3%e5%b8%ad%e7%9a%84restapi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8express%e5%92%8cmongodb%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%8d%b3%e5%b8%ad%e7%9a%84restapi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Express\u548cMongoDB\u521b\u5efa\u5373\u5e2d\u7684RestAPI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Node.js\u7684MVC\u6846\u67b6Express\u548cNoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93MongoDB\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684RestAPI\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u3002
\n\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4ee5json\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff08\u4e0eNoSQL\u975e\u5e38\u517c\u5bb9\uff09\u3002
\n\u5c06MongoDB\u5728Docker\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0a\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\n \"\u56f31.png\"<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5907<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u5b89\u88c5Homebrew\u548cNode.js<\/p>\n

\u5728Docker\u4e0a\u542f\u52a8MongoDB\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Docker\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0a\u542f\u52a8MongoDB\u3002
\n\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u3002<\/p>\n

# Docker\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>brew install <\/span>docker --cask<\/span>\r\n\r\n# MongoDB\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>docker pull mongo\r\n\r\n# \u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u8d77\u52d5<\/span>\r\n# \u30db\u30b9\u30c8OS\u5074\u306f27018\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u5074\u306f27017\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\uff08MongoDB\u306e\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>docker run -p<\/span> 27018:27017 --name<\/span> mongo-test -d<\/span> mongo\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efaNode.js\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7840\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u73af\u5883\u6784\u5efa\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u4e3aDocker\u5df2\u7ecf\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mkdir <\/span>test-app\r\n\r\n# \u521d\u671f\u5316\u51e6\u7406\uff08\u554f\u5408\u305b\u7121\u3057\u3067package.json\u4f5c\u6210\uff09<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>npm init -y<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u5fc5\u8981node\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\uff08express\u3068mongoDB\u64cd\u4f5c\u7528\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\uff09\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>npm install <\/span>express mongoose\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mkdir <\/span>server\r\n$ <\/span>cd <\/span>server\r\n$ <\/span>mkdir <\/span>models\r\n\r\n# Model\u5b9a\u7fa9JavaScript\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>touch <\/span>models\/user.js\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528VSCode\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6253\u5f00user.js\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u5173\u952e\u7684Model\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u7684ID\u3001\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> mongoose<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongoose<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> Schema<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>Schema<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> userSchema<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Schema<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n  id<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    type<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    required<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    unique<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n  name<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span> type<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span> },<\/span>\r\n  age<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span> type<\/span>:<\/span> Number<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\nmodule<\/span>.<\/span>exports<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> userSchema<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5236\u4f5c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5668<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f53\u5b9e\u9645\u6536\u5230HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aserver.js\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u79fb\u52d5<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>cd<\/span> ..\r\n\r\n# Router&Controller\u5b9a\u7fa9JavaScript\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>touch <\/span>server.js\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6253\u5f00server.js\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5728VSCode\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\u3002
\n\u5047\u8bbeHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u57283001\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u542c\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u9664\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> express<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>express<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> mongoose<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongoose<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> User<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>.\/models\/user<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ DB\u63a5\u7d9a<\/span>\r\nmongoose<\/span>.<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongodb:\/\/localhost:27018\/sampledb<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\nconst<\/span> app<\/span> =<\/span> express<\/span>();<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>express<\/span>.<\/span>json<\/span>({<\/span>extended<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>}));<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u60c5\u5831\u767b\u9332<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>post<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  const<\/span> user<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>body<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  user<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>((<\/span>err<\/span>,<\/span> addedUser<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      return<\/span> res<\/span>.<\/span>status<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>).<\/span>json<\/span>({<\/span>\r\n        errorMessage<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>failed to add the user.<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n      });<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>addedUser<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  });<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u60c5\u5831\u53d6\u5f97\uff08\u5168\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  User<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>({},<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>,<\/span> users<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>users<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  });<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u60c5\u5831\u53d6\u5f97\uff08ID\u6307\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/users\/:id<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  const<\/span> params<\/span> =<\/span> req<\/span>.<\/span>params<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  User<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>({<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> params<\/span>},<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>,<\/span> user<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  });<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u60c5\u5831\u524a\u9664\uff08\u5168\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>delete<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/users<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  User<\/span>.<\/span>remove<\/span>({},<\/span> err<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>true<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  });<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u60c5\u5831\u524a\u9664\uff08ID\u6307\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>delete<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>\/users\/:id<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>,<\/span> res<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  const<\/span> params<\/span> =<\/span> req<\/span>.<\/span>params<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n  User<\/span>.<\/span>remove<\/span>({<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> params<\/span>},<\/span> (<\/span>err<\/span>,<\/span> deletedUser<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    res<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>deletedUser<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n  });<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/ \u30dd\u30fc\u30c83001\u756a\u3067listen<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>3001<\/span>,<\/span> ()<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>`Server up on 3001`<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>node server.js\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u8ba4\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08curl\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/p>\n
\u7528curl\u547d\u4ee4\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6ce8\u518c\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n_id\u548c__v\u662f\u7531MongoDB\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61ID\u548c\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
# Allen\u767b\u9332<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> POST -H<\/span> 'Content-Type:application\/json'<\/span> -d<\/span> '{\"id\":\"001\",\"name\":\"Allen\",\"age\":20}'<\/span> http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# Allen\u767b\u9332\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607bce198776e444bd55422b\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"001\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Allen\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:20,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}<\/span>%\r\n\r\n# Yuki\u767b\u9332<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> POST -H<\/span> 'Content-Type:application\/json'<\/span> -d<\/span> '{\"id\":\"002\",\"name\":\"Yuki\",\"age\":26}'<\/span> http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# Yuki\u767b\u9332\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607c3bf502ac68477a41ee10\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"002\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Yuki\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:26,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}<\/span>%\r\n\r\n# \u5168\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> GET http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\n[{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607bce198776e444bd55422b\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"001\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Allen\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:20,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}<\/span>,{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607c3bf502ac68477a41ee10\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"002\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Yuki\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:26,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}]<\/span>%\r\n\r\n# ID\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> GET http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\/001\r\n# \u53d6\u5f97\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\n[{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607bce198776e444bd55422b\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"001\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Allen\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:20,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}]<\/span>%\r\n\r\n# ID\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> DELETE http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\/001\r\n# \u524a\u9664\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\"n\"<\/span>:1,\"ok\"<\/span>:1,\"deletedCount\"<\/span>:1}<\/span>%\r\n# \u524a\u9664\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5168\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> GET http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# \u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u308b\u306e\u306fYuki\u3060\u3051<\/span>\r\n[{<\/span>\"_id\"<\/span>:\"607c3bf502ac68477a41ee10\"<\/span>,\"id\"<\/span>:\"002\"<\/span>,\"name\"<\/span>:\"Yuki\"<\/span>,\"age\"<\/span>:26,\"__v\"<\/span>:0}]<\/span>%\r\n\r\n# \u5168\u4ef6\u524a\u9664<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> DELETE http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# \u524a\u9664\u7d50\u679c<\/span>\r\ntrue<\/span>%\r\n# \u524a\u9664\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5168\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>curl -X<\/span> GET http:\/\/localhost:3001\/users\r\n# \u4f55\u3082\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044<\/span>\r\n[]<\/span>%\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
API \u6e2c\u8a66\u54e1<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8ecurl\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6613\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Chrome\u6269\u5c55\u7a0b\u5e8fTalend API Tester\u8fdb\u884c\u89c6\u89c9\u786e\u8ba4\u3002
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u786e\u8ba4\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
\n                            \"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5047\u8bbeYuki\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\n                            \"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u3002
\n\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684RestAPI\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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    \n\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u3092React\u3068\u304b\u3067\u4f5c\u308a\u305f\u3044\u3002
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