{"id":29876,"date":"2023-11-03T23:58:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T23:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/40%e5%b2%81%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%b9%b4%e7%94%b7%e5%ad%90%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8fastapi%e5%92%8cmongodb%e8%bf%9e%e7%bb%93%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e2%91%a0%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:21:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T08:21:46","slug":"40%e5%b2%81%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%b9%b4%e7%94%b7%e5%ad%90%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8fastapi%e5%92%8cmongodb%e8%bf%9e%e7%bb%93%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e2%91%a0%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/40%e5%b2%81%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%b9%b4%e7%94%b7%e5%ad%90%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8fastapi%e5%92%8cmongodb%e8%bf%9e%e7%bb%93%e7%9a%84%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e2%91%a0%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"40\u5c81\u7684\u4e2d\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528FastAPI\u548cMongoDB\u8fde\u7ed3\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u2460"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5173\u4e8e\u672c\u6587\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u6211\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u5b78\u7fd2\u7de8\u7a0b\u7684\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u8a5e\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7c21\u660e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6458\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u8acb\u5728\u8a55\u8ad6\u5340\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u4e0d\u52dd\u611f\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a.env\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\n\u7136\u540e\u4eceMongoDB\u590d\u5236Connect\u8def\u5f84\u3002
\n\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
MONGO_API_KEY=mongodb+srv:\/\/XXXXXXXXXXXXX\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efadatabase.py\u3002
\n\u518d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aschemas.py\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5e93.py\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7f16\u5199\u4e0eMongoDB\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> decouple<\/span> import<\/span> config<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> typing<\/span> import<\/span> Union<\/span> # \u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\uff12\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\r\n<\/span>import<\/span> motor.motor_asyncio<\/span> # \u3053\u3061\u3089\u3067MongoDB\u9023\u643a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\r\n<\/span>\r\nMONGO_API_KEY<\/span> =<\/span> config<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>MONGO_API_KEY<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span> # config\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3080\r\n<\/span>\r\nclient<\/span> =<\/span> motor<\/span>.<\/span>motor_asyncio<\/span>.<\/span>AsyncIOMotorClient<\/span>(<\/span>MONGO_API_KEY<\/span>)<\/span> # MongoDB\u9023\u643a API\u306e\u30ad\u30fc\u3092\u6e21\u3059\r\n<\/span>database<\/span> =<\/span> client<\/span>.<\/span>API_DB<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>collection_todo<\/span> =<\/span> database<\/span>.<\/span>todo<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>collection_user<\/span> =<\/span> database<\/span>.<\/span>user<\/span> # MongoDB\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u4e00\u81f4\r\n<\/span>\r\n## insert_one\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u3067\u8fd4\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>def<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> dict<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>]),<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>title<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>title<\/span>\"<\/span>],<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>description<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>[<\/span>\"<\/span>description<\/span>\"<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>:<\/span> dict<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> Union<\/span>[<\/span>dict<\/span>,<\/span> bool<\/span>]:<\/span> # Union\u3067\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3092dict, bool\u9078\u3079\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>insert_one<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>)<\/span> # insert_one\u306e\u8fd4\u308a\u5024 insertResult(\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9)\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\r\n<\/span>    new_todo<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> collection_todo<\/span>.<\/span>find_one<\/span>({<\/span>\"<\/span>_id<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> todo<\/span>.<\/span>inserted_id<\/span>})<\/span> # find_one\u3067id\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\r\n<\/span>    ## find_one\u306e\u3042\u308b\u306a\u3057\u5224\u5b9a\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> new_todo<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> todo_serializer<\/span>(<\/span>new_todo<\/span>)<\/span> \r\n    return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
insert_one\u306e\u8fd4\u308a\u5024 insertResult(\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9)\u8fd4\u308a\u5024\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002insert_id\u3068\u8a00\u3046\u5c5e\u6027\u304c\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305fID\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002
\ninsert_one\u3067\u8fd4\u3055\u308c\u305finsertResult(\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9)\u306f\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306a\u306e\u3067\u5358\u7d14\u306astring\u578b\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044(\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7\u306a\u3069\u8272\u3005\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b)<\/p>\n
find_one\u3067id\u3092\u53d6\u5f97 _id\u3067\u683c\u7d0d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n
find_one\u306e\u30ea\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306f<\/p>\n
\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u8fd4\u3057\u3066
\n\u7121\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306fnone\u3092\u8fd4\u3059<\/p>\n
schema.py
\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> pydantic<\/span> import<\/span> BaseModel<\/span> # \u578b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\r\n<\/span>\r\n# \u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\u8fd4\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\r\n<\/span>class<\/span> Todo<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    id<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n    title<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n    description<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u65b0\u898f\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u6e21\u3059\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\r\n<\/span>class<\/span> TodoBody<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    title<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n    description<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n\r\n# main\u306eroot\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\r\n<\/span>class<\/span> SuccessMsg<\/span>(<\/span>BaseModel<\/span>):<\/span>\r\n    message<\/span>:<\/span> str<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
route_todo.py \u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u7ec8\u7aef\u70b9<\/p>\n
from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> APIRouter<\/span> # router\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> Response<\/span>,<\/span> Request<\/span>,<\/span> HTTPException<\/span> # 11\u884c\u76ee\u300121\u884c\u76ee\u306e\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> fastapi.encoders<\/span> import<\/span> jsonable_encoder<\/span> # jsonable_encoder\u578b\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> schemas<\/span> import<\/span> Todo<\/span>,<\/span> TodoBody<\/span> # \u578b\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> database<\/span> import<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span> # database.py\u3067\u4f5c\u3063\u305f\u95a2\u6570\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> starlette.status<\/span> import<\/span> HTTP_201_CREATED<\/span> # \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\r\n<\/span>\r\nrouter<\/span> =<\/span> APIRouter<\/span>()<\/span> # \u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u5316\r\n<\/span>\r\n@router.post<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/api\/todo<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>Todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nasync<\/span> def<\/span> create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>request<\/span>:<\/span> Request<\/span>,<\/span> response<\/span>:<\/span> Response<\/span>,<\/span> data<\/span>:<\/span>TodoBody<\/span>):<\/span> # \u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\r\n<\/span>    todo<\/span> =<\/span> jsonable_encoder<\/span>(<\/span>data<\/span>)<\/span> # \u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u305fdata\u3092\u8f9e\u66f8\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\r\n<\/span>    res<\/span> =<\/span> await<\/span> db_create_todo<\/span>(<\/span>todo<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n    response<\/span>.<\/span>status_code<\/span> =<\/span> HTTP_201_CREATED<\/span> # \u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4e0a\u66f8\u304d\r\n<\/span>    # jsonable_encoder\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070none\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u306e\u3067\u5224\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\r\n<\/span>    if<\/span> res<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        return<\/span> res<\/span>\r\n    # db_create_todo\u3067False\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u51e6\u7406\r\n<\/span>    raise<\/span> HTTPException<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n        status_code<\/span>=<\/span>404<\/span>,<\/span> detail<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>Create task failed<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\n    )<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7684.py\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
from<\/span> fastapi<\/span> import<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>\r\nfrom<\/span> routers<\/span> import<\/span> route_todo<\/span> # \u4f5c\u3063\u305frouters\u306eroute_todo\r\n<\/span>from<\/span> schemas<\/span> import<\/span> SuccessMsg<\/span>\r\n\r\napp<\/span> =<\/span> FastAPI<\/span>()<\/span>\r\napp<\/span>.<\/span>include_router<\/span>(<\/span>route_todo<\/span>.<\/span>router<\/span>)<\/span> # app\u306b\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\r\n<\/span>\r\n@app.get<\/span>(<\/span>\"<\/span>\/<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> response_model<\/span>=<\/span>SuccessMsg<\/span>)<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> root<\/span>():<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> {<\/span>\"<\/span>message<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>\u5229\u6a39\u5927\u597d\u304d\u3060\u3088\uff5e\uff5e\u3093<\/span>\"<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u8bed\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1a\u53c2\u8003\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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