{"id":29828,"date":"2022-12-04T13:37:58","date_gmt":"2023-11-11T22:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb-3-2%e4%b8%ad%e5%bc%95%e5%85%a5%e7%9a%84lookup%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T16:06:51","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T08:06:51","slug":"%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb-3-2%e4%b8%ad%e5%bc%95%e5%85%a5%e7%9a%84lookup%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%b0%9d%e8%af%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb-3-2%e4%b8%ad%e5%bc%95%e5%85%a5%e7%9a%84lookup%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528MongoDB 3.2\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684$lookup\u9636\u6bb5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u867d\u7136\u6709\u70b9\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eb2\u81ea\u52a8\u624b\u8bd5\u8bd5\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u622a\u81f32015\/11\/13\u65f6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c3.2.0-rc2\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u7684Vagrant\u4e0a\u7684CentOS 7.0\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6742\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n

$ <\/span>wget https:\/\/fastdl.mongodb.org\/linux\/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.2.0-rc2.tgz\r\n$ <\/span>tar<\/span> -zxvf<\/span> mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.2.0-rc2.tgz\r\n$ <\/span>sudo mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/opt\/mongodb\r\n$ <\/span>cp<\/span> -R<\/span> -n<\/span> mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.2.0-rc2 \/opt\/mongodb\r\n$ <\/span>echo <\/span>PATH<\/span>=<\/span>\/opt\/mongodb\/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.2.0-rc2\/bin:$PATH<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mongod --version<\/span>\r\n# \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u69d8\u306a\u611f\u3058\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070 OK!<\/span>\r\n# db version v3.2.0-rc2<\/span>\r\n# git version: 8a3acb42742182c5e314636041c2df368232bbc5<\/span>\r\n# OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013<\/span>\r\n# allocator: tcmalloc<\/span>\r\n# modules: none<\/span>\r\n# build environment:<\/span>\r\n#     distmod: rhel70<\/span>\r\n#     distarch: x86_64<\/span>\r\n#     target_arch: x86_64<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u542f\u52a8\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> ~\/mongodb\/data ~\/mongodb\/log\r\n$ <\/span>mongod --dbpath<\/span> ~\/mongodb\/data --logpath<\/span> ~\/mongodb\/log\/mongod.log --fork<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mongo # \u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308c\u3070\u826f\u3044\uff0e<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6837\u672c\u5206\u6790\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6295\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec2015\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u4e2d\u592e\u804c\u4e1a\u68d2\u7403\u8054\u76df\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u573a\u6b21\u6570\u8fbe\u6807\u7403\u5458\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u6210\u7ee9\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7403\u5458\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
players.json\uff1ahttps:\/\/gist.github.com\/Mura-Mi\/a492ecce742d86c5e5bd
\nhitters_stats.json\uff1ahttps:\/\/gist.github.com\/Mura-Mi\/40ce800ec6f3f2372129<\/p>\n
\u7403\u5458\u6570\u636e.json\uff1ahttps:\/\/gist.github.com\/Mura-Mi\/a492ecce742d86c5e5bd
\n\u51fb\u7403\u624b\u7edf\u8ba1.json\uff1ahttps:\/\/gist.github.com\/Mura-Mi\/40ce800ec6f3f2372129<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>mongoimport --db<\/span> central --collection<\/span> players --file<\/span> players.json # \u9078\u624b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6295\u5165<\/span>\r\n# 2015-11-13T16:12:35.839+0000  connected to: localhost<\/span>\r\n# 2015-11-13T16:12:35.864+0000  imported 24 documents<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mongoimport --db<\/span> central --collection<\/span> stats --file<\/span> hitters_stats.json \r\n$<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>mongo localhost:27017 # MongoDB Shell \u3092\u8d77\u52d5\u3059\u308b\uff0e<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
use<\/span> central<\/span>\r\ndb<\/span>.<\/span>teams<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u69d8\u306a\u611f\u3058\u3067\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070 OK<\/span>\r\n\/\/  { \"_id\" : ObjectId(\"56460d554936431a75165ab2\"), \"name\" : \"Yakult Swallows\", \"abbreviation\" : \"\u30e4\" }<\/span>\r\n\/\/ { \"_id\" : ObjectId(\"56460d554936431a75165ab3\"), \"name\" : \"Yomiuri Giants\", \"abbreviation\" : \"\u5de8\" }<\/span>\r\n\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\ndb<\/span>.<\/span>teams<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\/\/ => 6<\/span>\r\ndb<\/span>.<\/span>batters<\/span>.<\/span>find<\/span>({},<\/span> {<\/span>_id<\/span>:<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> team<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>})<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308c\u3070 OK\uff0e<\/span>\r\n\/\/ { \"name\" : \"\u5ddd\u7aef\u614e\u543e\", \"team\" : \"\u30e4\" }<\/span>\r\n\/\/ { \"name\" : \"\u5c71\u7530\u54f2\u4eba\", \"team\" : \"\u30e4\" }<\/span>\r\n\/\/ { \"name\" : \"\u7b52\u9999\u5609\u667a\", \"team\" : \"\uff24\" }<\/span>\r\n\/\/ ...<\/span>\r\ndb<\/span>.<\/span>batters<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>()<\/span>\r\n\/\/ => 24<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u884c$lookup\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
db<\/span>.<\/span>hitting_stats<\/span>.<\/span>aggregate<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n  [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>$lookup<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        from<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>players<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u3069\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\u304b<\/span>\r\n        localField<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>name<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u96c6\u8a08\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (hitting_stats) \u306e\u3069\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\uff1f<\/span>\r\n        foreignField<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>name<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/ \u7d50\u5408\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 (player) \u306e\u3069\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\uff1f<\/span>\r\n        as<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>profile<\/span>'<\/span> \/\/ \u96c6\u8a08\u5bfe\u8c61\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u306a\u3093\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d50\u5408\u3059\u308b\uff1f<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  ]<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
{<\/span> \r\n  \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> ObjectId(<\/span>\"564764654936431a75165af4\"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n  \"name\"<\/span> :<\/span> \"\u5ddd\u7aef\u614e\u543e\"<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n  \"games\"<\/span> :<\/span> 143<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  \"plate\"<\/span> :<\/span> 632<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  ...(\u4e2d\u7565)...<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n  \"profile\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \r\n    {<\/span> \r\n      \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> ObjectId(<\/span>\"564761794936431a75165ac4\"<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n      \"name\"<\/span> :<\/span> \"\u5ddd\u7aef\u614e\u543e\"<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n      \"team\"<\/span> :<\/span> \"Ys\"<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n      \"number\"<\/span> :<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n      \"born_in\"<\/span> :<\/span> \"\u5927\u962a\u5e9c\"<\/span> \r\n    }<\/span> \r\n  ]<\/span> \r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0cplayer\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5df2\u7ecf\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u4e86profile\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0eprofile\u952e\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u90fd\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0a\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u63d2\u5165$unwind\u9636\u6bb5\u5c06\u6570\u7ec4\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6807\u91cf\u503c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u5427\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u4ee5\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u9519\u8bef…\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5f0f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u8bf4\u6709\u8bf4\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u591f\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cJOIN\u64cd\u4f5c\uff01\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e0e\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u952e\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3anull\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2anull\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884cJOIN\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u50cfSQL\u7684JOIN\u64cd\u4f5c\u90a3\u6837\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u624b\u539f\u7c4d\u5730\u7684\u5168\u5792\u6253\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u6570\u91cf\u4ece\u591a\u5230\u5c11\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n
db<\/span>.<\/span>hitting_stats<\/span>.<\/span>aggregate<\/span>(<\/span>\r\n  [<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      $lookup<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        from<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>players<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        localField<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>name<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        foreignField<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>name<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        as<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>profile<\/span>'<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span> $unwind<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>$profile<\/span>\"<\/span> },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      $group<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        _id<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>$profile.born_in<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n        \"<\/span>HR<\/span>\"<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>$sum<\/span>:<\/span> \"<\/span>$homerun<\/span>\"<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    },<\/span>\r\n    {<\/span>\r\n      $sort<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        HR<\/span>:<\/span> -<\/span>1<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  ]<\/span>\r\n);<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5175\u5eab\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 50<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u30d9\u30cd\u30ba\u30a8\u30e9\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 38<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u30c9\u30df\u30cb\u30ab\u5171\u548c\u56fd\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 36<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5ca9\u624b\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 26<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u548c\u6b4c\u5c71\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 24<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5927\u962a\u5e9c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 21<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u9e7f\u5150\u5cf6\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 20<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5343\u8449\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 19<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 16<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u4f50\u8cc0\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 15<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u6771\u4eac\u90fd\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 14<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5cf6\u6839\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 13<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u5e83\u5cf6\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 11<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u5408\u8846\u56fd\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 9<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u611b\u77e5\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 6<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n{<\/span> \"_id\"<\/span> :<\/span> [<\/span> \"\u798f\u4e95\u770c\"<\/span> ],<\/span> \"HR\"<\/span> :<\/span> 2<\/span> }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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