{"id":29779,"date":"2023-05-13T02:35:32","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T03:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongoose%e6%9d%a5%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0mongodb%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T15:52:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T07:52:13","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongoose%e6%9d%a5%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0mongodb%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongoose%e6%9d%a5%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0mongodb%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Mongoose\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0MongoDB"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u732b\u9f2c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5cMongoDB\u7684npm\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9MongoDB\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8981\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u203bMongoDB\u548cMySQL\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

MySQL: MySQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
MongoDB\uff08\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n
\u30fb\u5efa\u7acb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500\u2500 src\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 db\r\n    \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 mongoose.js     \/\/mongoose\u306enpm\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 index.js           \/\/\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u306e\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\r\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 models\r\n    \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 task.js\u3000       \/\/task\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n    \u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 user.js\u3000      \/\/user\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u8a2d\u5b9a\r\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 routers\r\n        \u251c\u2500\u2500 task.js\u3000      \/\/express\u30fbtask\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u51e6\u7406\r\n        \u2514\u2500\u2500 user.js       \/\/express\u30fbuser\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u51e6\u7406\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u52a0\u8f7dmongoose
\n\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003npm\u5305”Mongoose”\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e3ahttps:\/\/www.npmjs.com\/package\/mongoose\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 “npm i mongoose” \u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5mongoose\u3002<\/p>\n
\u52a0\u8f7d\u8499\u53e4\u9f20\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003 “mongoose\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863”\uff08https:\/\/mongoosejs.com\/\uff09\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
\r\nconst<\/span> mongoose<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongoose<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/mongodb\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3068\u3001mongoDB\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d(task-manager-api)\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/span>\r\nmongoose<\/span>.<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/task-manager-api<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  useNewUrlParser<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> \r\n  useUnifiedTopology<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n  useFindAndModify<\/span>:<\/span> false<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff1c\u53c2\u8003\uff1e”mongoose\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6”\uff08https:\/\/mongoosejs.com\/\uff09\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\r\n\/\/mongoose\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> mongoose<\/span> =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongoose<\/span>'<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\/\/mongodb\u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u307f\u3068\u3001mongoDB\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d(test)\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b<\/span>\r\nmongoose<\/span>.<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/test<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>useNewUrlParser<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> useUnifiedTopology<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>});<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/const Cat:Cat\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u4f5c\u6210<\/span>\r\n\/\/'Cat':\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u540d\u524d<\/span>\r\n\/\/name\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u3092String\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> Cat<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Cat<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span> });<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/\"Cat\"\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3002<\/span>\r\n\/\/kitty\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3001name\u306f'Zildjian'<\/span>\r\nconst<\/span> kitty<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Cat<\/span>({<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> '<\/span>Zildjian<\/span>'<\/span> });<\/span>\r\n\r\n\/\/kitty\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4fdd\u5b58\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3089\"meow\"\u3068\u8868\u793a\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/span>\r\nkitty<\/span>.<\/span>save<\/span>().<\/span>then<\/span>(()<\/span> =><\/span> console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>meow<\/span>'<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8981\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a mongoose\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1c\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\uff1e
\n\u53c2\u8003\u300cSchemas\u300d( https:\/\/mongoosejs.com\/docs\/guide.html#statics )\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8
\n\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6177\u6168\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
const<\/span> Cat<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Cat<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span> \r\n  name<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n     type<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>  \/\/\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217<\/span>\r\n},<\/span>\r\n  age<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n     type<\/span>:<\/span> Number<\/span>\u3000<\/span>\/\/\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306f\u6570\u5b57<\/span>\r\n},<\/span>\r\n  isMine<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n     type<\/span>:<\/span> Boolean<\/span>  \/\/\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u578b\u306ftrue\u304bfalse\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n});<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\/\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5fc5\u586b\u9879\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002\uff1c\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\uff1e
\n\u53c2\u8003”\u9a8c\u8bc1”\uff08https:\/\/mongoosejs.com\/docs\/validation.html#built-in-validators\uff09<\/p>\n
\u30fb\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u767d\u95f4\u9694\uff08\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\uff09<\/p>\n
const<\/span> User<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>User<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  password<\/span>:{<\/span>\r\n    type<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    required<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\u5165\u529b\u5fc5\u9808\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n    trim<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\u3000\u3000<\/span>\/\/\u7a7a\u767d\u3092\u7121\u304f\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58<\/span>\r\n    minlength<\/span>:<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span>\u3000<\/span>\/\/\u6700\u5c0f\u5165\u529b\u6587\u5b57\u6570\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u3000\u3000<\/span>\/\/validate(value:\u5165\u529b\u3057\u305f\u5024)\u3067\u3001\u5165\u529b\u3059\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u5f62\u5f0f\u3092\u81ea\u4f5c<\/span>\r\n    validate<\/span>(<\/span>value<\/span>){<\/span>\r\n     \u3000<\/span> \/\/toLowerCase\u3067\u3001\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3082\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u3082\u5c0f\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u308b\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n      if<\/span>(<\/span>value<\/span>.<\/span>toLowerCase<\/span>().<\/span>includes<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>password<\/span>'<\/span>)){<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000<\/span>\/\/\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u5206\u5c90\u3055\u305b\u308b<\/span>\r\n        throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>Do not use \"password\" to password<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u5165\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/p>\n
const<\/span> Task<\/span> =<\/span> mongoose<\/span>.<\/span>model<\/span>(<\/span>'<\/span>Task<\/span>'<\/span>,<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n  complete<\/span>:{<\/span>\r\n    type<\/span>:<\/span> Boolean<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    default<\/span>:<\/span> false<\/span>,<\/span>  \/\/\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u5165\u529b\u5024\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span>\r\n  }<\/span>\r\n})<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u503c<\/p>\n
email<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n    type<\/span>:<\/span> String<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    unique<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span> \/\/\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u4e0a\u306eemail\u306e\u5024\u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306b\u3059\u308b\u203a<\/span>\r\n    required<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    trim<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    lowercase<\/span>:<\/span> true<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n    validate<\/span>(<\/span>value<\/span>){<\/span>\r\n      if<\/span>(<\/span>!<\/span>validator<\/span>.<\/span>isEmail<\/span>(<\/span>value<\/span>)){<\/span>\r\n        throw<\/span> new<\/span> Error<\/span> (<\/span>'<\/span>Email is invalid<\/span>'<\/span>)<\/span>\u3000<\/span>\/\/npm\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u3001\u300cvalidator\u300d\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u5024\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d<\/span>\r\n      }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n  },<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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