{"id":29512,"date":"2023-10-28T09:11:30","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T19:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/mongodb-%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e7%9a%84nosql%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e3%80%82\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T14:29:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T06:29:31","slug":"mongodb-%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e7%9a%84nosql%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e3%80%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/mongodb-%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e7%a7%8d%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e7%9a%84nosql%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e3%80%82\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u6587\u6863\u7684NoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8eMongoDB\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8eMongoDB\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u6458\u5f55\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\u3002MongoDB\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u6587\u6863\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u6574\u5408\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/h1>\n

MongoDB\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53ea\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u201d\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e14\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5219\u80af\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u8be5\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u5e03\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5df2\u66f4\u65b0\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u7684JOIN\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5373\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7aef\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u653e\u5f03\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u6863\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h1>\n

MongoDB\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u6863\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u65e0\u6a21\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u30fb\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n\u30fb\u96c6\u5408 (Collection)
\n\u30fb\u6587\u6863 (Document = \u5bf9\u8c61)<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528 JSON \u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a “\u6587\u6863” \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a “\u96c6\u5408” \u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5bf9\u5e94 RDB \u7684\u8868\uff09\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf RDBMS \u90a3\u6837\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u751f\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u50cfRDBMS\u90a3\u6837\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1MongoDB\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6e10\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662fnoSQL\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/h1>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eSQL\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00Mongo\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08MongoDB Query Language\uff09\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93 -> \u96c6\u5408 -> \u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6587\u6863\u6570\u636e\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u9664\u4e86JOIN\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206SQL\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5982\u805a\u5408\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50]
\n\u5728MongoDB\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u74b0\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\nfor (var i = 1; i <= 20; i++) db.col1.insert( { x : 4 , j : i } )<\/p>\n

\u590d\u5236\u96c6\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/h1>\n

MongoDB\u652f\u6301\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

MongoDB\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u6216\u4e3b\u5e93\uff09\uff0c\u5c06\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u6216\u4ece\u5e93\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6301\u6709\u4e3b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u505c\u6b62\u65f6\u95f4\u3002MongoDB\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u590d\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bfb\uff08Read\uff09\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u6563\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u5360\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8bfb\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u6563\u5230\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u7247\uff1a\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e<\/h1>\n

\u5206\u6563\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6563\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0CPU\u548cI\/O\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u7247\uff1a
\n\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684mongod\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5206\u7247\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

MongoDB\u7684\u5206\u7247\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u533a\u95f4\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u7247\u952e\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7531\u5206\u7247\u952e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

MongoDB\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u5e73\u8861\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u952e\u8303\u56f4\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f34\u968f\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5e73\u8861\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n

MongoDB\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h1>\n

MongoDB\u5177\u5907\u4e3b\/\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u6062\u590d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0cMongoDB\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201cPrimary\u201d\uff08\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201cSecondary\u201d\uff08\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u201cArbiter\u201d\uff08\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\uff09\u3002\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u4e0d\u4fdd\u7559\u6570\u636e\u7684\u526f\u672c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u526f\u672c\u96c6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272: \u590d\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u63a7\u65b9\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u63a7\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b21\u8981\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e3b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\uff1a\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u6545\u969c\u5207\u6362\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a
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