{"id":29278,"date":"2022-11-16T07:17:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T09:26:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T13:18:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T05:18:18","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8mongodb%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528MongoDB\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662f\u5728Mac\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528Homebrew\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u53d7\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u300aMongoDB\u7684\u7b80\u660e\u624b\u518c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\u8868\u9054”\u7528\u8a9e”<\/h2>\n

MongoDB\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u6587\u6863\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

RDB\u7528\u8a9e\u3068\u306e\u5bfe\u5fdc\u8868<\/p>\n

\n
RDBMongoDB\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u69cb\u9020JSON\u5f62\u5f0fSQL\u6587Mongo\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\uff08\u30ab\u30e9\u30e0\uff09\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9Primary key_id<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u5728\u4e0eRDB\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u7b26\u5374\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u79f0\u8c13\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u754c\u9762\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u8bf4\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\uff08\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u2193<\/p>\n

    \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5024\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u540d\u3082\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n
    # \u6ce8\u610f: _id\u306f\u9069\u5f53\u3067\u3001\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u6bce\u306b\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u5024\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\r\n{\r\n    \"myCollection\": {\r\n        { \"_id\": \"xxx\", \"foo\": 1 } # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c81\r\n        { \"_id\": \"yyy\", \"foo\": 2 } # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c82\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u6bce\u306b\u3001\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/ul>\n
      {\r\n    \"myCollection\": {\r\n        { \"_id\": \"xxx\", \"foo\": 1 } # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c81\r\n        { \"_id\": \"yyy\", \"foo\": 2, \"bar\": 2 } # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c82\r\n        { \"_id\": \"zzz\", \"baz\": 3,} # \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c83\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5728Mac\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u542f\u52a8<\/h2>\n
      # Homebrew\u3067\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\r\n$ brew install mongodb\r\n\r\n# \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u683c\u7d0d\u7528\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u4f5c\u6210\r\n$ sudo mkdir -p \/data\/db\/mongodb\r\n\r\n# \u6240\u6709\u8005\u5909\u66f4\r\n$ sudo chown `whoami` \/data\/db\/mongodb\r\n\r\n# \u521d\u671f\u5316\uff08&\u8d77\u52d5\uff09\r\n$ mongod --dbpath \/data\/db\/mongodb\r\n\r\n# Homebrew\u3067\u30c7\u30fc\u30e2\u30f3\u5316\u3057\u3066\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u8d77\u52d5\r\n$ brew services start mongodb --dataPath=\/data\/db\/mongodb\r\n\r\n# \u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u666e\u901a\u306b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u8d77\u52d5\r\n$ mongod --dataPath=\/data\/db\/mongodb\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5982\u679c\u5728\u6267\u884cbrew services start mongodb\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884cbrew services list\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u4e3astarted\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u7528brew services restart mongodb\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n
      # \u63a5\u7d9a\r\n$ mongo\r\n\r\n# DB\u4e00\u89a7\r\n> show dbs\r\n\r\n# DB\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\r\n> use mydb\r\n\r\n# DB\u306e\u69cb\u9020\r\n> db.stats()\r\n\r\n# \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u633f\u5165\r\n> db.mycollection.insert(\r\n  {\r\n    \"name\" : \"Taro\",\r\n    \"gender\": \"m\",\r\n    \"attribute\" : {\r\n      \"hobby\" : [\r\n        \u201dgame\u201d,\r\n        \"cook\"\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  },\r\n  {\r\n    \"name\" : \"Hanako\",\r\n    \"gender\": \"f\",\r\n    \"attribute\" : {\r\n      \"hobby\" : [\r\n        \u201dmovie\u201d\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n)\r\n\r\n# collection\u4e00\u89a7\r\n> show collections\r\n\r\n# \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u5168\u53d6\u5f97\r\n> db.mycollection.find()\r\n\r\n# \u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u53d6\u5f97\r\n# \u5f15\u6570\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u30bb\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u3068\u547c\u3076\r\n# \u7b2c1\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3044\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u7b2c2\u5f15\u6570\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u305f\u3044\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\r\n# 1:\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b, 0:\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u306a\u3044\uff08_id\u306f\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c81\uff09\r\n> db.mycollection.find(\r\n    {name: \"Taro\"},\r\n    {\r\n      _id: 0,\r\n      attribute: {\r\n        hobby: 1\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n)\r\n\r\n# \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u66f4\u65b0\r\n# $set\u3092\u66f4\u65b0\u4fee\u98fe\u5b50\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u5168\u4f53\u304c{\"gemder\": 1}\u306b\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u308f\u308b\r\n> db.mycollection.update(\r\n    {name: \"Taro\"},\r\n    {$set: {\"gender\": \"f\"}}\r\n)\r\n\r\n# upsert\uff08\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u8ffd\u52a0\uff09\r\n# update\u306e\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u306btrue\u3002$inc\u306f\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u30ea\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u306a\u308b\r\n> db.counter.update(\r\n    {type: \"success\"},\r\n    {$inc: {count: 1}},\r\n    true\r\n)\r\n\r\n# \u8907\u6570\u540c\u6642\u66f4\u65b0\r\n# \u7b2c4\u5f15\u6570\u306btrue\u3001\u7b2c3\u5f15\u6570\u3082true\u3060\u3068\u8907\u6570\u540c\u6642upsert\r\n> db.user.update(\r\n    {},\r\n    {$set: {gender: \"m\"}},\r\n    false,\r\n    true\r\n)\r\n\r\n# \u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u524a\u9664\r\n> db.mycollection.remove({name: \"Jiro\"})\r\n\r\n# collection\u524a\u9664\r\n> db.mycollection.drop()\r\n\r\n# DB\u524a\u9664\r\n> db.dropDatabase()\r\n\r\n# \u7d42\u4e86\r\n> exit\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      – \u5f53\u5411\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u6dfb\u52a0\u6587\u6863\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u3002
      \n– \u5f53\u5220\u9664\u96c6\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u96c6\u5408\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e5f\u5c06\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u66f4\u65b0\u4fee\u98fe\u5b50 – \u66f4\u65b0\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/h2>\n
      \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e update \u7684\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u8868<\/p>\n
      \n
      \u66f4\u65b0\u4fee\u98fe\u5b50\u610f\u5473$set\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u66f4\u65b0$inc\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u5024\u3092\u5897\u3084\u3059$push\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306b\u5024\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \u51fd\u6570 sh\u00f9)<\/h2>\n
      # sort\uff081:\u6607\u9806\u3001-1:\u964d\u9806\uff09\r\n$ db.user.find().sort({age:1})\r\n\r\n# count\r\n$ db.user.count()\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u53ea\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528sum\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53eb\u505a”\u53cd\u5267\u6280”\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528forEach\u548cmap\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728mongo shell\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u52a0\u8f7dServer-Side\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
      \u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26<\/h2>\n
      \n
      SQLMongoDB\u6982\u8981\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb<$lt\u672a\u6e80{age: {$lt: 100}}<=$lte\u4ee5\u4e0b{age: {$lte: 100}}>$gt\u3088\u308a\u5927\u304d\u3044{age: {$gt: 100}}>=$gte\u4ee5\u4e0a{age: {$gte: 100}}!=$ne\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u3044{name: {$ne: ‘mr.a’}}\u306a\u3057$exists\u30d5\u30a3\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30afdb.mycol.find({hoge: {$exists: false}})OR$or$or\u3067\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3092\u62bd\u51fadb.mycol.find({$or: [{loves: ‘apple’},{loves: ‘energon’}]})<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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