{"id":27469,"date":"2023-04-22T08:52:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-15T23:14:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e3%80%91%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e3%80%81%e9%81%bf%e5%85%8d%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e5%83%b5%e5%b0%b8%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%82-2\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T02:52:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T18:52:56","slug":"%e3%80%90c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e3%80%91%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e3%80%81%e9%81%bf%e5%85%8d%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e5%83%b5%e5%b0%b8%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%82-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e3%80%90c%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e3%80%91%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e3%80%81%e9%81%bf%e5%85%8d%e5%92%8c%e4%bd%bf%e5%83%b5%e5%b0%b8%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e7%bb%88%e6%ad%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e3%80%82-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010C\u8bed\u8a00\u3011\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u907f\u514d\u548c\u4f7f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3010\u6982\u8981\u3011\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5b89\u5e03\u96f7\u62c9\u5f00\u53d1\u7684T\u75c5\u6bd2\u521b\u5efa\u50f5\u5c38\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u907f\u514d\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3011\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

###\u3010\u751f\u614b\u74b0\u5883\u3011<\/p>\n

[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 ~]$ <\/span>cat<\/span> \/etc\/redhat-release \r\nCentOS release 6.5 (<\/span>Final)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
###\u3010\u5236\u4f5c\u50f5\u5c38\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011
\n####\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u4f5c\u50f5\u5c38\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
#include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/types.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/wait.h><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span>\r\nmain<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc<\/span>,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv<\/span>[])<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    pid_t<\/span> pid<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>argc<\/span> !=<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"Usage: %s <command> <arg><\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ fork\u3057\u3066\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ fork\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n    pid<\/span> =<\/span> fork<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"fork(2) failed<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f0<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        execl<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>],<\/span> NULL<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        \/* execl()\u306f\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u623b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u623b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5931\u6557 *\/<\/span>\r\n        perror<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>99<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9ID<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span> {<\/span>          \/* \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        \/\/ \u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u306e\u751f\u5b58\u6642\u9593\u306f30\u79d2<\/span>\r\n        \/\/ \u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f30\u79d2\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001while(1)\u306a\u3069\u306e\u7121\u9650\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u305a\u3063\u3068\u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/span>\r\n        sleep<\/span>(<\/span>30<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"child (PID=%d) finished;<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> pid<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u5236\u4f5c\u50f5\u5c38\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9009\u9879\u4e00\uff1a
\n\u53c2\u65701\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u6b64\u6b21\u4e3a\/bin\/echo\uff09
\n\u53c2\u65702\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u53c2\u65701\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u6b64\u6b21\u4e3aThis is zombie\uff09<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u572830\u79d2\u5185\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\n\uff08\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>gcc -o<\/span> zombie .\/zombie.c \r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\nThis is zombie \/\/ \u2192 \u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306730\u79d2\u5f85\u305f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u4f5c\u696d\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\r\nchild (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>24579)<\/span> finished;<\/span> \/\/ \u2192 30\u79d2\u5f8c\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a&\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002
\n\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u50f5\u5c38\u768430\u79d2\u5185\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u7528ps\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u5b58\u5728\u50f5\u5c38\u3002
\n\u7531\u4e8eps\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e3adefunct\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u50f5\u5c38\u3002<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span> &\r\n[<\/span>1] 24601\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>This is zombie\r\n\/\/ \u2192 \u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u62bc\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30d7\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u62bc\u3059\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  24602  0.0  0.0      0     0 pts\/0    Z    23:06   0:00 [<\/span>echo<\/span>]<\/span> <defunct>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>child (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>24602)<\/span> finished;<\/span> \/\/ \u2192 30\u79d2\u5f8c\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\r\n\/\/ \u2192 \u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u62bc\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30d7\u30ed\u30f3\u30d7\u30c8\u304c\u8fd4\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u62bc\u3059\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Done                    .\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
### \u3010\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3011
\n#### \u65b9\u6cd5\u2460 fork()\u540e\u8981\u4f7f\u7528waitpid()
\n\u5f53\u6267\u884cfork()\u51fd\u6570\u540e\uff0c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528waitpid()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6355\u6349\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002
\n\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n
#include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/types.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/wait.h><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span>\r\nmain<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc<\/span>,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv<\/span>[])<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    pid_t<\/span> pid<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>argc<\/span> !=<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"Usage: %s <command> <arg><\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ fork\u3057\u3066\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ fork\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n    pid<\/span> =<\/span> fork<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"fork(2) failed<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f0<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        execl<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>],<\/span> NULL<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        \/* execl()\u306f\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u623b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u623b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5931\u6557 *\/<\/span>\r\n        perror<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>99<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9ID<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span> {<\/span>          \/* \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        int<\/span> status<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        waitpid<\/span>(<\/span>pid<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>status<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        sleep<\/span>(<\/span>30<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"child (PID=%d) finished; \"<\/span>,<\/span> pid<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFEXITED<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"exit, status=%d<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> WEXITSTATUS<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n        else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFSIGNALED<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"signal, sig=%d<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> WTERMSIG<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n        else<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"abnormal exit<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
#####\u3010\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3011
\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ps\u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>gcc -o<\/span> zombie_avoid1 .\/zombie_avoid1.c \r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie_avoid1 \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span> &\r\n[<\/span>1] 24619\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>This is zombie\r\n\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>child (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>24620)<\/span> finished;<\/span> exit<\/span>, status<\/span>=<\/span>0\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Done                    .\/zombie_avoid1 \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65b9\u6cd52\uff1a\u53cc\u91cdfork
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u5b59\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u675f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b59\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u81ea\u5b59\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002
\n\u786e\u8ba4\u5373\u4f7f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5b59\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u7d42\u4e86\u6642\u9593\u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b930\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u3089\u7d42\u4e86\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u5373\u7d42\u4e86\u5b6b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b960\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3057\u305f\u3089\u7d42\u4e86<\/p>\n
#include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/types.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/wait.h><\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span>\r\nmain<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc<\/span>,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv<\/span>[])<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    pid_t<\/span> pid<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>argc<\/span> !=<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"Usage: %s <command> <arg><\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ fork\u3057\u3066\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ fork\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n    pid<\/span> =<\/span> fork<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"fork(2) failed<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f0<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        pid_t<\/span> pid_child<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n        pid_child<\/span> =<\/span> fork<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>pid_child<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n            fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"child fork(2) failed<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n            exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>pid_child<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b6b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n            execl<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>],<\/span> NULL<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n            \/* execl()\u306f\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u623b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u623b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5931\u6557 *\/<\/span>\r\n            perror<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n            exit<\/span>(<\/span>99<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"grandchild (PID=%d) finished; \"<\/span>,<\/span> pid_child<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n            exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        }<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9ID<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span> {<\/span>          \/* \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        int<\/span> status<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n        waitpid<\/span>(<\/span>pid<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>status<\/span>,<\/span> 0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        sleep<\/span>(<\/span>30<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"child (PID=%d) finished; \"<\/span>,<\/span> pid<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFEXITED<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"exit, status=%d<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> WEXITSTATUS<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n        else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>WIFSIGNALED<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>))<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"signal, sig=%d<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> WTERMSIG<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n        else<\/span>\r\n            printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"abnormal exit<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3010\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3011
\n\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 sleep \u800c\u4e0d\u662f echo\u3002<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>gcc -o<\/span> zombie_avoid2 .\/zombie_avoid2.c\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie_avoid2 \/bin\/sleep 60 &\r\n[<\/span>1] 25674\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>grandchild (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>25676)<\/span> finished;<\/span> \r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u5b6b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>25676 | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25676  0.0  0.1 100924   620 pts\/0    S    01:29   0:00 \/bin\/sleep 60\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>child (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>25675)<\/span> finished;<\/span> exit<\/span>, status<\/span>=<\/span>0\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Done                    .\/zombie_avoid2 \/bin\/sleep 60\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3082\u5b6b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>25676 | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25676  0.0  0.1 100924   620 pts\/0    S    01:29   0:00 \/bin\/sleep 60\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$<\/span>\r\n\/\/ 60\u79d2\u7d4c\u904e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u5b6b\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3082\u7d42\u4e86\u3059\u308b \r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>25676 | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528sigaction\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
#include<\/span> <stdio.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <stdlib.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <unistd.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/types.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <sys\/wait.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <signal.h><\/span>\r\n#include<\/span> <errno.h><\/span>\r\n\r\nstatic<\/span> void<\/span> detach_children<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>);<\/span>\r\nstatic<\/span> void<\/span> noop_handler<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> sig<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n\r\nint<\/span>\r\nmain<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> argc<\/span>,<\/span> char<\/span> *<\/span>argv<\/span>[])<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    pid_t<\/span> pid<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5f15\u6570\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>argc<\/span> !=<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"Usage: %s <command> <arg><\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    detach_children<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ fork\u3057\u3066\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ fork\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/span>\r\n    pid<\/span> =<\/span> fork<\/span>();<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>,<\/span> \"fork(2) failed<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n\r\n    \/\/ \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f0<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>pid<\/span> ==<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/* \u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n        execl<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>],<\/span> argv<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>],<\/span> NULL<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        \/* execl()\u306f\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u3089\u623b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u623b\u3063\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5931\u6557 *\/<\/span>\r\n        perror<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>99<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n    \/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306efork\u306e\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306f\u5b50\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9ID<\/span>\r\n    else<\/span> {<\/span>          \/* \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406 *\/<\/span>\r\n    \tprintf<\/span>(<\/span>\"child (PID=%d) finished;<\/span>\\n<\/span>\"<\/span>,<\/span> pid<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    \t\/\/ sleep\u3067\u306f\u30b7\u30b0\u30ca\u30eb\u304c\u88dc\u8db3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u305f\u3081\u3001while\u3067\u7121\u9650\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3059\u308b<\/span>\r\n    \twhile<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n        exit<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstatic<\/span> void<\/span>\r\ndetach_children<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    struct<\/span> sigaction<\/span> act<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n\r\n    act<\/span>.<\/span>sa_handler<\/span> =<\/span> noop_handler<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    sigemptyset<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>act<\/span>.<\/span>sa_mask<\/span>);<\/span>\r\n    act<\/span>.<\/span>sa_flags<\/span> =<\/span> SA_RESTART<\/span> |<\/span> SA_NOCLDWAIT<\/span>;<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> (<\/span>sigaction<\/span>(<\/span>SIGCHLD<\/span>,<\/span> &<\/span>act<\/span>,<\/span> NULL<\/span>)<\/span> <<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\r\n        printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"sigaction() failed: %s\"<\/span>,<\/span> strerror<\/span>(<\/span>errno<\/span>));<\/span>\r\n    }<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n\r\nstatic<\/span> void<\/span>\r\nnoop_handler<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> sig<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n{<\/span>\r\n    ;<\/span>\r\n}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3010\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3011<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>gcc -o<\/span> zombie_avoid3 .\/zombie_avoid3.c\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie_avoid3 \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span> &\r\n[<\/span>1] 25895\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>child (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>25896)<\/span> finished;<\/span>\r\nThis is zombie\r\n\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>\r\n\/\/ zombie_avoid3\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep <\/span>zombie_avoid3 | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25895  102  0.0   3924   448 pts\/0    R    02:42   0:13 .\/zombie_avoid3 \/bin\/echo This is zombie\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>kill <\/span>25895\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Terminated              .\/zombie_avoid3 \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3010\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b89\u606f\u3011\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u675f\u7531zombie.c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u50f5\u5c38\u65e0\u6cd5\u653b\u51fb\u5e76\u51fb\u8d25\u5176\u4ed6\u50f5\u5c38\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span> &\r\n[<\/span>1] 25932\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>This is zombie\r\n\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep<\/span> -e<\/span> zombie -e<\/span> defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25932  0.0  0.0   3920   372 pts\/0    S    02:47   0:00 .\/zombie \/bin\/echo This is zombie\r\nvagrant  25933  0.0  0.0      0     0 pts\/0    Z    02:47   0:00 [<\/span>echo<\/span>]<\/span> <defunct>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u3092kill\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>kill <\/span>25933\r\n\/\/ \u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u3092kill\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep<\/span> -e<\/span> zombie -e<\/span> defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25932  0.0  0.0   3920   372 pts\/0    S    02:47   0:00 .\/zombie \/bin\/echo This is zombie\r\nvagrant  25933  0.0  0.0      0     0 pts\/0    Z    02:47   0:00 [<\/span>echo<\/span>]<\/span> <defunct>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>child (<\/span>PID<\/span>=<\/span>25933)<\/span> finished;<\/span>\r\n\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Done                    .\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53ea\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u8be5\u50f5\u5c38\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff08\u5373\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u51fb\u8d25\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>.\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span> &\r\n[<\/span>1] 25965\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>This is zombie\r\n\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep<\/span> -e<\/span> zombie -e<\/span> defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep\r\n<\/span>vagrant  25965  0.0  0.0   3920   372 pts\/0    S    02:50   0:00 .\/zombie \/bin\/echo This is zombie\r\nvagrant  25966  0.0  0.0      0     0 pts\/0    Z    02:50   0:00 [<\/span>echo<\/span>]<\/span> <defunct>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092kill\u3059\u308b\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>kill <\/span>25965\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n[<\/span>1]+  Terminated              .\/zombie \/bin\/echo \"This is zombie\"<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$<\/span>\r\n\/\/ \u89aa\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3082\u30be\u30f3\u30d3\u3082\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044 \r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>ps aux | grep<\/span> -e<\/span> zombie -e<\/span> defunct | grep<\/span> -v<\/span> grep<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>vagrant@vagrant-centos65 tmp]$ <\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u53cc\u91cdfork\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u975e\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7kill\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u3011
\n\u300a\u666e\u901a\u7684Linux\u7f16\u7a0b \u7b2c2\u7248\u300b \u4eceLinux\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5b66\u4e60gcc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6b63\u8def<\/p>\n
\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u7f51\u7ad9\u3011
\n\u907f\u514d\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u53cc\u91cdfork\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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