{"id":26405,"date":"2024-02-25T00:47:31","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T16:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e5%a4%89%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a-4\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T21:03:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T13:03:28","slug":"ubuntu%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e5%a4%89%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e7%92%b0%e5%a2%83%e5%a4%89%e6%95%b0%e3%81%ae%e8%a8%ad%e5%ae%9a-4\/","title":{"rendered":"ubuntu\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\u524d\u63d0<\/h1>\n

\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306f\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u7d20\u4eba\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u9d5c\u5451\u307f\u306b\u305b\u305a\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u305f\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u305f\u3069\u3063\u305f\u308a\uff0c\u5225\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\uff0c\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u3088\u3046\u304a\u9858\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u8981\u3059\u308b\u306b\u514d\u8cac\u4e8b\u9805\u7684\u306a\u3084\u3064\u3067\u3059<\/p>\n

\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306fubuntu\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3068\u305d\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u4e8b\u9805\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0cubuntu\u306b\u9650\u3089\u305aLinux\u7cfb\u306a\u3089\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3057\u3066\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\u524d\u63d0\u306f\u3053\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u3067\uff0c\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\n\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570<\/h1>\n

\u307e\u305a\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u3068\u306f\uff0cOS\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5909\u6570\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u3064\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5909\u6570\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

\n\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u51fa\u529b<\/h2>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u5909\u6570\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306fenv\u3084printenv\u3068\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u6253\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n

$ <\/span>env\r\n<\/span>SHELL<\/span>=<\/span>\/bin\/bash\r\n...(<\/span>\u7701\u7565)<\/span>\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>printenv\r\n<\/span>SHELL<\/span>=<\/span>\/bin\/bash\r\n...(<\/span>\u7701\u7565)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u305f\u3060\u3057\uff0cenv\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u305a\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5909\u6570\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u51fa\u529b\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3089printenv\u306e\u65b9\u3092\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\uff0e(\u307e\u3042grep\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u691c\u7d22\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3051\u3069)<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>env <\/span>SHELL\r\nenv<\/span>: \u2018SHELL\u2019: No such file or directory\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>SHELL\r\n\/bin\/bash\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0cenv\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e0benv\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
\nenv\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13<\/h2>\n
(2022\/12\/01\u8ffd\u8a18\uff1a\u304c\u3063\u3064\u308aqiita\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u9593\u9055\u3048\u3066\u307e\u3057\u305f…\u3054\u3081\u3093\u306a\u3055\u3044\uff0e\u5de6\u4e0a\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u306d\uff0e\u9762\u767d\u3044\u306e\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e\uff78\uff72\uff6f\uff80)<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306ashellscript\u3092\u7528\u610f\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>\r\necho<\/span> $QUIITA<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u3061\u306a\u307f\u306b#!\/bin\/bash\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\uff0cShebang\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u89e6\u308c\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u307f\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff0e\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u304a\u7948\u308a\u3084\u3089\u5ff5\u4ecf\u3084\u3089\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3067bash\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3053\u3046\u66f8\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff0e<\/p>\n
\u3053\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u306f\u5b9f\u884c\u6a29\u9650\u3092chmod\u3067\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3044\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff0e\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u4eba\u306f\u30b0\u30b0\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528env\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>.\/envtest.sh\r\n\r\n$ <\/span>env <\/span>QUIITA<\/span>=<\/span>'quiita'<\/span> .\/envtest.sh\r\nquiita\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u6307\u5b9a\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u91cf\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9806\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u547d\u4ee4printenv QUIITA\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u8acb\u9032\u884c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u9898\u2014\u2014\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h1>\n
\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728bash\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d=\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528export\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>QIITA\r\n$ QUIITA<\/span>=<\/span>quiita\r\n$ <\/span>export <\/span>QUIITA\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>QUIITA\r\nquiita\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>QUIITA\r\nquiita\r\n$ <\/span>export <\/span>QUIITA<\/span>=<\/span>quiiiiiita\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>QUIITA\r\nquiiiiiita\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u503c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5219\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5355\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>KANI\r\n$ <\/span>export <\/span>KANI<\/span>=<\/span>ebi yadokari\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>KANI\r\nebi\r\n$ <\/span>export <\/span>KANI<\/span>=<\/span>'ebi yadokari'<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>KANI\r\nebi yadokari\r\n$ <\/span>export <\/span>KANI<\/span>=<\/span>\"ebi yadokari tarabagani\"<\/span>\r\n$ <\/span>printenv <\/span>KANI\r\nebi yadokari tarabagani\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u4e5f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u7531\u4e8ebash\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728bash\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae03\uff08\u867d\u7136\u662f\u65e7\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u662f\u5728~\/.profile\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u5efa\u8bae\u5728~\/.bash_profile\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa~\/.bash_profile\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528~\/.profile\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a~\/.profile\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
# ~\/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.<\/span>\r\n# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~\/.bash_profile or ~\/.bash_login<\/span>\r\n# exists.<\/span>\r\n# see \/usr\/share\/doc\/bash\/examples\/startup-files for examples.<\/span>\r\n# the files are located in the bash-doc package.<\/span>\r\n\r\n# the default umask is set in \/etc\/profile; for setting the umask<\/span>\r\n# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.<\/span>\r\n#umask 022<\/span>\r\n\r\n# if running bash<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> [<\/span> -n<\/span> \"<\/span>$BASH_VERSION<\/span>\"<\/span> ]<\/span>;<\/span> then<\/span>\r\n    # include .bashrc if it exists<\/span>\r\n    if<\/span> [<\/span> -f<\/span> \"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/.bashrc\"<\/span> ]<\/span>;<\/span> then<\/span>\r\n        .<\/span> \"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/.bashrc\"<\/span>\r\n    fi<\/span>\r\nfi<\/span>\r\n\r\n# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> [<\/span> -d<\/span> \"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/bin\"<\/span> ]<\/span> ;<\/span> then<\/span>\r\n    <\/span>PATH<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/bin:<\/span>$PATH<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\nfi<\/span>\r\n\r\n# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists<\/span>\r\nif<\/span> [<\/span> -d<\/span> \"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/.local\/bin\"<\/span> ]<\/span> ;<\/span> then<\/span>\r\n    <\/span>PATH<\/span>=<\/span>\"<\/span>$HOME<\/span>\/.local\/bin:<\/span>$PATH<\/span>\"<\/span>\r\nfi<\/span>\r\n\r\n+ <\/span>export <\/span>QUIITA<\/span>=<\/span>quiita\r\n<\/span>+ <\/span>export <\/span>KANI<\/span>=<\/span>'tarabagani ha yadokari'<\/span>\r\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bf7\u95ee\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u4f7f\u7528bash\u8fd0\u884csource .profile\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u624d\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8f9b\u82e6\u4e86\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5728Ubuntu\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3010\u73af\u5883\u3011\u547d\u4ee4-\u6307\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4
\n\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548cshell\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u867d\u7136\u6709\u70b9\u665a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u60f3\u5728Linux\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf
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