{"id":254,"date":"2023-02-06T20:59:53","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T08:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/%e5%af%b9iptables%e5%92%8cnetfilter%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T02:59:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:59:14","slug":"%e5%af%b9iptables%e5%92%8cnetfilter%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%af%b9iptables%e5%92%8cnetfilter%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"Iptables\u4e0eNetfilter\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1aLinux\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u6784\u63a2\u79d8"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5728Linux\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0ciptables\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u7684Netfilter\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6846\u67b6\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8iptables\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bbaiptables\u5982\u4f55\u4e0eNetfilter\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>IPTables\u548cNetfilter\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u89e3\u6790<\/h2>\n<p>\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0cLinux\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662fiptables\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u540d\u4e3anftables\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46iptables\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u57fa\u51c6\u3002iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0eLinux\u5185\u6838\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u94a9\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aNetfilter\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd8\u662f\u79bb\u5f00\uff09\u90fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u4e0e\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4e0eiptables\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6d41\u91cf\u7b26\u5408\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9<\/h2>\n<p>Netfilter\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u5df2\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5305\u89e6\u53d1\u54ea\u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4f20\u5165\u8fd8\u662f\u4f20\u51fa\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u94a9\u5b50\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5904\u7406\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING:<\/strong> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u4f1a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4f20\u5165\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8def\u7531\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u524d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>NF_IP_LOCAL_IN:<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u8def\u7531\u540e\u89e6\u53d1\u6b64\u94a9\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>NF_IP_FORWARD:<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u8def\u7531\u540e\u89e6\u53d1\u6b64\u94a9\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT:<\/strong><\/strong> \u4efb\u4f55\u672c\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u51fa\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6b64\u94a9\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>NF_IP_POST_ROUTING:<\/strong> \u4efb\u4f55\u51fa\u7ad9\u6216\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u6b64\u94a9\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94a9\u5b50\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u89e6\u53d1\u94a9\u5b50\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u6216\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff09\u4e0e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5904\u7406\u540e\u5411Netfilter\u6846\u67b6\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>IPTables \u8868\u548c\u94fe\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<p>iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u8868\u201d\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5176\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u7c7b\u578b\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08NAT\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u653e\u5165<code>nat<\/code>\u8868\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230<code>filter<\/code>\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2aiptables\u8868\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6309\u7167\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u94fe\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8868\u662f\u7531\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5305\u542b\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u94fe\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u89e6\u53d1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u3002\u94fe\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f55\u65f6\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u5173\u8054\u7684Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PREROUTING:<\/strong> \u7531NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>INPUT:<\/strong> \u7531NF_IP_LOCAL_IN\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>FORWARD:<\/strong> \u7531NF_IP_FORWARD\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>OUTPUT:<\/strong> \u7531NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>POSTROUTING:<\/strong> \u7531NF_IP_POST_ROUTING\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u94fe\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u90fd\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u70b9\u4e0a\u65bd\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u53ea\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u70b9\u4e0a\u624d\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u90fd\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u6709\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Netfilter\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\u53ea\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94a9\u5b50\u90fd\u6ce8\u518c\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u7684\u94fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u8868\u5177\u6709PREROUTING\u94fe\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94fe\u5728\u5173\u8054\u7684NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0a\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u8be5\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u7684PREROUTING\u94fe\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2aPREROUTING\u94fe\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u8bc4\u4f30\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684PREROUTING\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7a0d\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94fe\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>IPTables\u53ef\u7528\u8868\u7c7b\u578b\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u9000\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u770b\u4e00\u4e0biptables\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6309\u5173\u6ce8\u9886\u57df\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Filter\u8868\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/h3>\n<p><code>filter<\/code>\u8868\u662fiptables\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u9632\u706b\u5899\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u9632\u706b\u5899\u65f6\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>NAT\u8868\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n<p><code>nat<\/code>\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5c06\u786e\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u54cd\u5e94\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u8def\u7531\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u65f6\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8def\u7531\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Mangle\u8868\uff1aIP\u5934\u90e8\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u6807\u8bb0<\/h3>\n<p><code>mangle<\/code>\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684IP\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684TTL\uff08\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u503c\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u6216\u7f29\u77ed\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7f51\u7edc\u8df3\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4ed6IP\u5934\u90e8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5185\u6838\u201c\u6807\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6807\u8bb0\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8868\u793a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Raw\u8868\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u5176\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u5728Netfilter\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4f7fiptables\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u79bb\u6563\u4e14\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u540e\u5f88\u5feb\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>raw<\/code>\u8868\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5176\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9000\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>Security\u8868\uff1aSELinux\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u96c6\u6210<\/h3>\n<p><code>security<\/code>\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5185\u90e8SELinux\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5f71\u54cdSELinux\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u89e3\u91caSELinux\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u8bb0\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6216\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u94fe\u548c\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h2>\n<h3>PREROUTING\u94fe\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728Iptables\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u90fd\u5305\u542bPREROUTING\u94fe\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9bPREROUTING\u94fe\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u8868\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Iptables\u4e2d\u5404\u8868\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u94fe\uff08\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u94fe\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230<code>raw<\/code>\u8868\u5305\u542bPREROUTING\u548cOUTPUT\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793aNAT\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c<code>nat<\/code>\u8868\u88ab\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3aDNAT\uff08\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff09\u548cSNAT\uff08\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6e90\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56\u70b9\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u542f\u7528\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"post-table\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8868\/\u94fe<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">PREROUTING<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">INPUT<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">FORWARD<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">OUTPUT<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: center;\">POSTROUTING<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>raw<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5df2\u542f\u7528)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>mangle<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>nat<\/strong> (DNAT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>filter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>security<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>nat<\/strong> (SNAT)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">\u2713<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u89e6\u53d1Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u94fe\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u8868\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5305\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u94a9\u5b50\uff08\u5217\uff09\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5165\u7ad9\u5305\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u7ad9\u5305\u3001\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8868\u94fe\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884cNAT\u89c4\u5219\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55NAT\u51b3\u7b56\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eNAT\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u76f8\u53cd\u7684NAT\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u94fe\u5f0f\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u8def\u7531\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8def\u5f84\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li><strong>\u53d1\u5f80\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a<\/strong> PREROUTING -> INPUT<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53d1\u5f80\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a<\/strong> PREROUTING -> FORWARD -> POSTROUTING<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u672c\u5730\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff1a<\/strong> OUTPUT -> POSTROUTING<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5728<code>raw<\/code>\u3001<code>mangle<\/code>\u548c<code>nat<\/code>\u8868\u7684PREROUTING\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5728<code>mangle<\/code>\u3001<code>filter<\/code>\u3001<code>security<\/code>\u548c<code>nat<\/code>\u8868\u7684INPUT\u94fe\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u672c\u5730\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>IPTables\u89c4\u5219<\/h2>\n<p>Iptables\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8868\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u94fe\u4e2d\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u94fe\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u5339\u914d<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5339\u914d\u90e8\u5206\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u6216\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5339\u914d\u7cfb\u7edf\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9644\u52a0\u7684Iptables\u6269\u5c55\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u6e90\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u76ee\u6807<\/h3>\n<p>\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u5339\u914d\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li><strong>\u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u5f53\u524d\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u94a9\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u975e\u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/strong> \u975e\u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u94fe\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94fe\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u90a3\u4e4b\u524d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8868\u548c\u94fe\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5339\u914d\u5b50\u53e5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u975e\u7ec8\u6b62\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8df3\u8f6c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bc4\u4f30\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u5904\u7406\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cIptables\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5185\u7f6e\u94fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u201c\u8df3\u8f6c\u201d\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7Netfilter\u94a9\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u94fe\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5230\u8fbe\u89c4\u5219\u5217\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u6216\u8005\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u94fe\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5206\u652f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>IPTables\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/h2>\n<h3>\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff1aIptables\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8<code>raw<\/code>\u8868\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u5339\u914d\u51c6\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8eNetfilter\u6846\u67b6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff08Connection Tracking\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7b80\u79f0Conntrack\uff09\u662fIptables\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5b83\u4e3aIptables\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u201c\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u673a\u5236\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u5bf9<code>raw<\/code>\u8868\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5065\u5168\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u7ec4\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8be5\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<code>NOTRACK<\/code>\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4f8b\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li><strong>NEW\uff08\u65b0\u5efa\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<code>NEW<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u50cfTCP\u8fd9\u6837\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u50cfUDP\u8fd9\u6837\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>ESTABLISHED\uff08\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a<code>NEW<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6709\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6536\u5230\u4e86<code>SYN\/ACK<\/code>\u5305\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8eUDP\u548cICMP\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e92\u6362\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>RELATED\uff08\u76f8\u5173\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<code>RELATED<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982FTP\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684ICMP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>INVALID\uff08\u65e0\u6548\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0d\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u8def\u7531\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<code>INVALID<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNTRACKED\uff08\u672a\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728<code>raw<\/code>\u8868\u94fe\u4e2d\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a<code>UNTRACKED<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>SNAT\uff08\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7NAT\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u56de\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u6539\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNAT\uff08\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5f53\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7NAT\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u8def\u7531\u56de\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6539\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5236\u5b9a\u9488\u5bf9\u8fde\u63a5\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u70b9\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1aNetfilter\u4e0eIptables\u7684\u534f\u540c\u529b\u91cf<\/h2>\n<p>Netfilter\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6846\u67b6\u548cIptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u662fLinux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002Netfilter\u5185\u6838\u94a9\u5b50\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5806\u6808\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4f20\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u6548\u7684Iptables\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u67e5\u9605\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u5357\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u60a8\u7684Iptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul class=\"post-ul\">\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Iptables\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/li>\n<li>Iptables\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Ubuntu 22.04\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528UFW\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Rocky Linux 8\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528firewalld\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6eIptables\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u7684\u6d41\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff1a\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177 \u9632\u706b\u5899\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u5728Linux\u751f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[667,933,932,934,214],"class_list":["post-254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-iptables","tag-linux","tag-netfilter","tag-934","tag-214"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v21.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iptables\u4e0eNetfilter\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff1aLinux\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u6784\u63a2\u79d8 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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