{"id":23857,"date":"2023-03-30T18:40:50","date_gmt":"2023-08-20T02:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%80%9f%e6%9f%a5%e8%a1%a8\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T00:17:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T16:17:54","slug":"ubuntu%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%80%9f%e6%9f%a5%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%80%9f%e6%9f%a5%e8%a1%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u603b\u7ed3<\/h1>\n

Ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86HP\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u611f\u6fc0\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\"image.png\"<\/div>\n

\u6211\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8fbe\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/h1>\n

\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7edc<\/h2>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

networkctl status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6240\u6709IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
hostname -I\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n
ip link set <interface> up\r\nip link set <interface> down\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable         # \u542f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899\r\nsudo ufw status         #\u663e\u793a\u89c4\u5219\u5217\u8868\r\nsudo ufw allow <port>   # \u5141\u8bb8\u7aef\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\r\nsudo ufw deny <port>    # \u7981\u6b62\u7aef\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f7f\u7528SSH\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
ssh <user>@<host IP>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n
w\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
chage -l <user>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650<\/p>\n
sudo chage <user>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237<\/p>\n
sudo passwd -l <user>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u9501\u5b9a<\/p>\n
sudo passwd -u <user>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
sudo netstat -tulpn\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
sudo apt install fail2ban\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
sudo fail2ban-client status\r\nsudo fail2ban-client status <jail>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u652f\u6301\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
ubuntu-support-status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8865\u4e01<\/p>\n
sudo snap install canonical-livepatch\r\nsudo canonical-livepatch enable <token>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/livepatch \u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u591a 3 \u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u4ee4\u724c<\/p>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5305\u88f9<\/p>\n
apt search <string>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/p>\n
apt list --upgradable\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4eceUbuntu\u5b58\u6863\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n
sudo apt install <package>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4eceSnap Store\u5b89\u88c5*<\/p>\n
sudo snap install <package>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a<\/p>\n
sudo apt install apt-file\r\nsudo apt-file update\r\napt-file <filename or command>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb<\/h2>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
ls\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u548c\u65e5\u671f<\/p>\n
ls -al\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c*<\/p>\n
touch <filename>               # \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\r\necho \"<content>\" > <filename>  # content\u521b\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\r\necho \"<content>\" >> <filename> # \u5411\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\r\ncat <file>                     # \u663e\u793a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\r\ncp <file> <target filename>    # \u590d\u5236\r\nmv <file> <target name>        # \u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\r\nrm <file>                      # \u5220\u9664\r\nmkdir <directory>              # \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\r\nmkdir -p <dir1>\/<dir2>         # \u9012\u5f52\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\r\nrm -r <directory>              # \u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\r\nlocate <q>                     # \u7b80\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u641c\u7d22\r\ngrep <string> <filename>       # \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\ngrep -Iris <str> <directory>   # \u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u641c\u7d22\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb<\/h2>\n
\u641c\u7d22\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
find <directory> -mmin -<n> -type f\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f8b\uff09find . -mmin -5 -type f<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u7b2cn\u5217<\/p>\n
col<n> \u201c<separator>\u201d <filename>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
eg. col2 \u201c,\u201d foo.csv<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u6210\u9875\u9762\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n
less <filename>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u524dn\u884c<\/p>\n
head -n <n> <filename>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u540en\u884c<\/p>\n
tail -n <n> <filename>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ffd\u8e2a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
tail -f <filename>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
zip -r <target> <source dir>            # Zip\r\ntar cvzf <target>.tar.gz <source dir>   # tar.gz\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
unzip <zip file>      # zip\r\ntar xf <tar.gz file>  # tar.gz\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n
scp <filename> <user@server>:<destination>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f8b\uff09scp config.yaml admin@192.0.0.0:\/config<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u590d\u5236\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/p>\n
scp -r <user@server>:<source> <destination>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u5730\u5316\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u9879\uff1a
\n\u4f8b\uff09scp -r admin@192.0.0.0:\/config \/tmp<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u5458@192.0.0.0\u7684\/config\u76ee\u5f55\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u5230\/tmp\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h2>\n
\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n
uname -r\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf<\/p>\n
df -h\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf<\/p>\n
cat \/proc\/meminfo\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
timedatectl status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u533a<\/p>\n
timedatectl list-timezones\r\nsudo timedatectl set-timezone <zone>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n
systemctl --state running\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u6216\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n
service <service> start\/stop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u76d1\u89c6\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7<\/p>\n
journalctl -u <service> --since now -f\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u8fd1\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
last\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n
htop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ID\u5f37\u5236\u7d42\u6b62\u9032\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
kill <PID>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
pkill  <process name>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
<command> &\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n
jobs\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u7b2cn\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u6700\u524d\u9762<\/p>\n
fg <n>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kubernetes\u548c\u5bb9\u5668\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3002 (Kubernetes and containers are interconnected.)<\/h2>\n
\u5b89\u88c5MicroK8\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo snap install microk8s --classic\r\nmicrok8s.status --wait-ready\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u542f\u7528MicroK8s\u63d2\u4ef6<\/p>\n
microk8s.enable <service>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793aMicroK8s\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
microk8s.kubectl get nodes\r\nmicrok8s.kubectl get services\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
http:\/\/microk8s.io\/docs \u8bf7\u767b\u5f55\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u5740\u5e76\u53c2\u9605MicroK8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8 LXD \u5bb9\u5668<\/p>\n
lxd init\r\nlxc launch ubuntu:18.04 <container name>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\uff08\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff09<\/p>\n
lxc launch images:centos\/8\/amd64 <container name>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6LXD\u5bb9\u5668\u7684Shell<\/p>\n
lxc exec <name> -- \/bin\/bash\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u63a8\u9001\u5230LXD\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d<\/p>\n
lxc file push <filename> <container name>\/<path>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4eceLXD\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u62c9\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
lxc file pull <destination> <container name>\/<file path>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
http:\/\/linuxcontainers.org\/lxd \u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u5173LXD\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9<\/p>\n
\u865a\u62df\u5316<\/h2>\n
\u5b89\u88c5Multipass\u5e76\u542f\u52a8Ubuntu\u865a\u62df\u673a<\/p>\n
sudo snap install multipass --classic\r\nmultipass launch <image> --name <VM name>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684Ubuntu LTS\u542f\u52a8\u865a\u62df\u673a<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u955c\u50cf<\/p>\n
multipass find\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5217\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a<\/p>\n
multipass list\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5185\u7684Shell<\/p>\n
multipass shell <VM name>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6709\u5173Multipass\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u6b64\u5904 http:\/\/discourse.ubuntu.com<\/p>\n
\u5f00\u653e\u5806\u6808<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5OpenStack\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo snap install microstack --classic\r\nsudo microstack.init\r\nmicrostack.launch\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u4eea\u8868\u677f\u53ef\u572810.20.20.1\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\uff1aadmin \/ keystone\u3002
\n\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728http:\/\/microstack.run\/docs\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u6709\u5173MicroStack\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5370\u8c61<\/h1>\n
\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCTF\u548cHardening\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u603b\u7ed3 Ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86HP\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u611f\u6fc0\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002 \u6211\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[227],"class_list":["post-23857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-227"],"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868 - Blog - Silicon Cloud<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u5173\u4e8eUbuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5173\u4e8eUbuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/ubuntu\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901f\u67e5\u8868\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog - 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