{"id":214,"date":"2022-11-27T16:46:52","date_gmt":"2023-07-23T09:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/python%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97-%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e5%99%a8\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T02:29:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T18:29:23","slug":"python%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97-%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/python%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97-%e6%9c%89%e6%95%88%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b%e6%a3%80%e6%9f%a5%e5%99%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aPython\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757 – \u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u300b\u7684\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51715\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81eaPython 3.5\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\u7684typing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f85\u52a9\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8ePython\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e26\u6765\u56f0\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636eStackOverflow\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662fPyCharm IDE\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u9519\u8bef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4e3a50%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u8fdc\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

Python\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\uff09\u6765\u7f13\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5916\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u8bc6\u522b\u6f5c\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u201c\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u201d\u6697\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f7fPython\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u9605\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/strong>\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u5916\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff08\u5982mypy\uff09\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528typing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\/\u8bed\u6cd5\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u6765\u6267\u884c\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5728Python\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cmypy\u662f\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528mypy\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

pip3 install<\/span> mypy\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884cmypy\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4efb\u4f55Python\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5339\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u60a8\u5728\u201c\u7f16\u8bd1\u201dPython\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
mypy program.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
python program.py\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528typing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\/\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3<\/h2>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u89e3\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
def<\/span> print_list<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> list<\/span>)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4f1a\u544a\u77e5\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff08\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662fmypy\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aprint_list()<\/code>\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56deNone<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
def<\/span> print_list<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> list<\/span>)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>\r\n\r\nprint_list(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint_list(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668mypy\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
vijay@JournalDev:~ $ mypy printlist.py \r\nprintlist.py:5: error: Argument 1<\/span> to \"print_list\"<\/span> has incompatible type<\/span> \"int\"<\/span>;<\/span> expected \"List[Any]\"<\/span>\r\nFound 1<\/span> error in<\/span> 1<\/span> file<\/span> (<\/span>checked 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e94\u884c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6574\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5173\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aPython\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757 – \u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u300b\u7684\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51715\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81eaPython 3.6\u7248\u672c\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n
# \u5c06 'radius' \u6807\u6ce8\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b<\/span>\r\nradius:<\/span> float<\/span> =<\/span> 1.5<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8d4b\u503c\u5c31\u6807\u6ce8\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff01<\/span>\r\nsample:<\/span> int<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u6807\u6ce8\u51fd\u6570 'area' \u8fd4\u56de\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> area<\/span>(<\/span>r:<\/span> float<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> float<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> 3.1415<\/span> *<\/span> r *<\/span> r\r\n\r\n\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>area(<\/span>radius)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 '__annotations__' \u5b57\u5178\u6253\u5370\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u89e3<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'area() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u5b57\u5178\uff1a'<\/span>,<\/span> area.<\/span>__annotations__)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u7684 mypy \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
vijay@JournalDev: ~ $ mypy find_area.py &&<\/span> python find_area.py\r\nSuccess: no issues found in<\/span> 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>\r\n7.068375<\/span>\r\narea() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u5b57\u5178\uff1a {<\/span>'r'<\/span>:<\/span> <<\/span>class 'float'<\/span>><\/span>, 'return'<\/span>:<\/span> <<\/span>class 'float'<\/span>><\/span>}<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 mypy \u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aPython\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757 – \u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u300b\u7684\u7b2c3\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51715\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
typing<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\uff08Type Aliases\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u522b\u540d\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> typing import<\/span> List\r\n\r\n# Vector \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u503c\u5217\u8868<\/span>\r\nVector =<\/span> List[<\/span>float<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> scale<\/span>(<\/span>scalar:<\/span> float<\/span>,<\/span> vector:<\/span> Vector)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> Vector:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> [<\/span>scalar *<\/span> num for<\/span> num in<\/span> vector]<\/span>\r\n\r\na =<\/span> scale(<\/span>scalar=<\/span>2.0<\/span>,<\/span> vector=<\/span>[<\/span>1.0<\/span>,<\/span> 2.0<\/span>,<\/span> 3.0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8f93\u51fa<\/h3>\n
vijay@JournalDev: ~ $ mypy vector_scale.py &&<\/span> python vector_scale.py\r\nSuccess: no issues found in<\/span> 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>2.0<\/span>, 4.0<\/span>, 6.0<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\"Vector\"<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u503c\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u522b\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u68c0\u67e5\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u540d\u79f0:\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> typing import<\/span> Dict\r\nimport<\/span> re\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a 'ContactDict' \u7684\u522b\u540d<\/span>\r\nContactDict =<\/span> Dict[<\/span>str<\/span>,<\/span> str<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> check_if_valid<\/span>(<\/span>contacts:<\/span> ContactDict)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> bool<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    for<\/span> name,<\/span> email in<\/span> contacts.<\/span>items(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n        # \u68c0\u67e5\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> (<\/span>not<\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>name,<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> or<\/span> (<\/span>not<\/span> isinstance<\/span>(<\/span>email,<\/span> str<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n        # \u68c0\u67e5\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4e3a xxx@yyy.zzz<\/span>\r\n        if<\/span> not<\/span> re.<\/span>match<\/span>(<\/span>r\"[a-zA-Z0-9\\._\\+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9\\._-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]+$\"<\/span>,<\/span> email)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n            return<\/span> False<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> True<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>check_if_valid(<\/span>{<\/span>'vijay'<\/span>:<\/span> 'vijay@sample.com'<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>check_if_valid(<\/span>{<\/span>'vijay'<\/span>:<\/span> 'vijay@sample.com'<\/span>,<\/span> 123<\/span>:<\/span> 'wrong@name.com'<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece mypy \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
vijay@JournalDev:~ $ mypy validcontacts.py \r\nvalidcontacts.py:19: error: Dict entry 1<\/span> has incompatible type<\/span> \"int\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"str\"<\/span>;<\/span> expected \"str\"<\/span>:<\/span> \"str\"<\/span>\r\nFound 1<\/span> error in<\/span> 1<\/span> file<\/span> (<\/span>checked 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728 mypy \u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\uff08name<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\uff08123<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u662f mypy \u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4f7f\u7528 NewType()<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aPython\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757 – \u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u300b\u7684\u7b2c4\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51715\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NewType()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> typing import<\/span> NewType\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a'StudentID'\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>\r\nStudentID =<\/span> NewType(<\/span>'StudentID'<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nsample_id =<\/span> StudentID(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u89c6\u4e3a\u539f\u59cb\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u6355\u6349\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> typing import<\/span> NewType\r\n\r\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a'StudentID'\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\r\nStudentID =<\/span> NewType(<\/span>'StudentID'<\/span>,<\/span> int<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> get_student_name<\/span>(<\/span>stud_id:<\/span> StudentID)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> str<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> str<\/span>(<\/span>input<\/span>(<\/span>f'\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165ID #<\/span>{<\/span>stud_id}<\/span><\/span>\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff1a\\n'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\nstud_a =<\/span> get_student_name(<\/span>StudentID(<\/span>100<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>stud_a)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff01\uff01<\/span>\r\nstud_b =<\/span> get_student_name(<\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>stud_b)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6211\u7684py\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
vijay@JournalDev:~ $ mypy studentnames.py  \r\nstudentnames.py:13: error: Argument 1<\/span> to \"get_student_name\"<\/span> has incompatible type<\/span> \"int\"<\/span>;<\/span> expected \"StudentID\"<\/span>\r\nFound 1<\/span> error in<\/span> 1<\/span> file<\/span> (<\/span>checked 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
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\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u300aPython\u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757 – \u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u300b\u7684\u7b2c5\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u51715\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5bb9\u7247\u6bb5\uff1aAny<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Mypy\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u4e0e\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8003\u8651\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u6765\u7684 print_list()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
from<\/span> typing import<\/span> Any\r\n\r\ndef<\/span> print_list<\/span>(<\/span>a:<\/span> Any)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    print<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>\r\n\r\nprint_list(<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>\r\nprint_list(<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c Mypy \u65f6\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
vijay@JournalDev:~ $ mypy printlist.py &&<\/span> python printlist.py\r\nSuccess: no issues found in<\/span> 1<\/span> source<\/span> file<\/span>\r\n[<\/span>1<\/span>, 2<\/span>, 3<\/span>]<\/span>\r\n1<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 Any<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
def<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>bar)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> bar\r\n\r\n# \u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b7e\u540d\u76f8\u540c\uff1a<\/span>\r\ndef<\/span> foo<\/span>(<\/span>bar:<\/span> Any)<\/span> -<\/span>><\/span> Any:<\/span>\r\n    return<\/span> bar<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Any<\/code> \u5c06\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 Python \u7c7b\u578b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u5916\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5668\uff08\u5982 Mypy\uff09\u51c6\u786e\u62a5\u544a\u4efb\u4f55\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Python \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff01<\/p>\n
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\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n