{"id":127,"date":"2023-11-22T04:10:39","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T01:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/index.php\/2023\/11\/30\/%e5%9c%a8r%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8sub%e5%92%8cgsub%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T00:21:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T16:21:07","slug":"%e5%9c%a8r%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8sub%e5%92%8cgsub%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.silicloud.com\/zh\/blog\/%e5%9c%a8r%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8sub%e5%92%8cgsub%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u8bed\u8a00\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\uff1asub()\u4e0egsub()\u51fd\u6570\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f15\u8a00<\/h3>\n

\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0csub()<\/code>\u548cgsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528sub()<\/code>\u548cgsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

\u5b8c\u6210\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u672c\u5730\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5R\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    sub()<\/code>\u548cgsub()<\/code>\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

    sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    sub(pattern, replacement, x)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    gsub(pattern, replacement, x)<\/code><\/pre>\n
    sub()<\/code>\u548cgsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08pattern<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff08replacement<\/code>\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff08x<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      \n
    • pattern<\/code>: \u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n
    • replacement<\/code>: \u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/li>\n
    • x<\/code>: \u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cpattern<\/code>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08regex\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u65e2\u7136\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u73af\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n
      R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
      \u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0csub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7136\u800c\uff0csub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362<\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u66ff\u6362\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u8f93\u5165\u5411\u91cf\r\ndf <- \"R is an open-source programming language widely used for data analysis and statistical computing.\"\r\n\r\n# \u6267\u884c\u66ff\u6362\r\nsub('R','The R language',df)<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
      Output<\/div>\n
      \"The R language is an open-source programming language widely used for data analysis and statistical computing.\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
      sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cR\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cThe R language\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u8f93\u5165\u5411\u91cf\r\ndf <- \"In this tutorial, we will install R and show how to add packages from the official Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).\"\r\n\r\n# \u6267\u884c\u66ff\u6362\r\nsub('R','The R language',df)<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \"In this tutorial, we will install The R language and show how to add packages from the official Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ea\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u201cR\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cThe R language\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e2d\u540e\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201cR\u201d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
      \u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528sub()\u548cgsub()\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u51713\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/h2>\n
      sub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>data.frame(<\/span>Creature=<\/span>c(<\/span>'Starfish'<\/span>,<\/span>'Blue Crab'<\/span>,<\/span>'Bluefin Tuna'<\/span>,<\/span>'Blue Shark'<\/span>,<\/span>'Blue Whale'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>Population=<\/span>c(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span>6<\/span>,<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>,<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n# \u663e\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span>\r\ndf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff1a<\/p>\n
            Creature Population\r\n1     Starfish          5\r\n2    Blue Crab          6\r\n3 Bluefin Tuna          4\r\n4   Blue Shark          2\r\n5   Blue Whale          2\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u201cBlue\u201d\uff08\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cGreen\u201d\uff08\u7eff\u8272\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u66ff\u6362\u503c<\/span>\r\nsub(<\/span>'Blue'<\/span>,<\/span>'Green'<\/span>,<\/span>df)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \u8f93\u51fa<\/div>\n
      \"c(\\\"Starfish\\\", \\\"Green Crab\\\", \\\"Bluefin Tuna\\\", \\\"Blue Shark\\\", \\\"Blue Whale\\\")\" \"c(5, 6, 4, 2, 2)\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5217\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201cBlue\u201d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cGreen\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u66ff\u6362\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c<\/span>\r\nsub(<\/span>'Blue'<\/span>,<\/span>'Green'<\/span>,<\/span>df$<\/span>Creature)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \u8f93\u51fa<\/div>\n
      \"Starfish\" \"Green Crab\" \"Greenfin Tuna\" \"Green Shark\" \"Green Whale\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u201cBlue\u201d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u201cGreen\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
      R\u4e2d\u7684gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n
      \u5728R\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0cgsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u66ff\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4e0esub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cgsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u5c40\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6a21\u5f0f\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u8f93\u5165\u5411\u91cf<\/span>\r\ndf<-<\/span>\"In this tutorial, we will install R and show how to add packages from the official Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).\"<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u201cR\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u4f7f\u7528gsub()\u66ff\u6362\u503c<\/span>\r\ngsub(<\/span>'R'<\/span>,<\/span>'The R language'<\/span>,<\/span>df)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8f93\u51fa<\/div>\n
      \"In this tutorial, we will install The R language and show how to add packages from the official Comprehensive The R language Archive Network (CThe R languageAN).\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u6240\u6709\u7684\u201cR\u201d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u6389\u4e86\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u201cComprehensive R Archive Network\u201d\u548c\u201cCRAN\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff09\u3002gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528gsub()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6846\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
      gsub()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6846\uff08data frame\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6846<\/span>\r\ndf  <- <\/span>data.frame<\/span>(<\/span>Creature  = <\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>'Starfish'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Blue Crab'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Bluefin Tuna'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Blue Shark'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Blue Whale'<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> Population  = <\/span>c<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728 Creature<\/code> \u5217\u7684\u503c\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u6df1\u6d77\u201d\u524d\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
      # \u66ff\u6362\u503c<\/span>\r\ngsub<\/span>(<\/span>'.*^'<\/span>,<\/span> 'Deep Sea '<\/span>,<\/span> df$<\/span>Creature)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
      \u8f93\u51fa<\/div>\n
      \r\n\"Deep Sea Starfish\" \"Deep Sea Blue Crab\" \"Deep Sea Bluefin Tuna\" \"Deep Sea Blue Shark\" \"Deep Sea Blue Whale\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cgsub()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f (regex)\uff1a.*^<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f00\u5934\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n
      \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728 R \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 sub()<\/code> \u548c gsub()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5411\u91cf\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csub()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4ec5\u66ff\u6362\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u9879\uff0c\u800c gsub()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5219\u66ff\u6362\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 R \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684 replace()<\/code> \u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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