import<\/span> tkk\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nTo make things more convenient, we will import the ttk package individually.<\/p>\n
How to use Classes in Tkinter.<\/h2>\n
We will now learn how to use classes in Tkinter. The functioning of the application is quite straightforward.<\/p>\n
To start, we establish a main window, where we position a sole frame on its top layer.<\/p>\n
To create the illusion of an application having multiple windows, we will additionally develop a function that transitions between various frames.<\/p>\n
The user is made to believe that they are being directed to a separate window or tab, but in reality, they are just switching between frames.<\/p>\n
The MainPage, SidePage, and CompletionScreen are the Frames that we’ll be dealing with.<\/p>\n
The way we will switch between them is by utilizing the show_frame() method.<\/p>\n
Coding is being worked on.<\/h2>\n
To begin with, we should establish a fundamental class that will serve as our gateway to access all the remaining classes\/frames.<\/p>\n
# Allowing us to extend from the Tk class<\/span>\r\nclass<\/span> testClass<\/span>(<\/span>tk.<\/span>Tk)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\nBy inheriting the tk.Tk class, we gain the ability to interact with elements that exist in the Tk() class.<\/p>\n
1. Starting up the classes<\/h3>\n
To begin the class, we utilize the __init__ function which generates a method that automatically executes when we create an object from the class.<\/p>\n
Likewise, we are also initializing the class via the tk.Tk __init__ method.<\/p>\n
import<\/span> tkinter as<\/span> tk\r\nfrom<\/span> tkinter import<\/span> ttk\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> windows<\/span>(<\/span>tk.<\/span>Tk)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> *<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n tk.<\/span>Tk.<\/span>__init__(<\/span>self,<\/span> *<\/span>args,<\/span> **<\/span>kwargs)<\/span>\r\n # Adding a title to the window<\/span>\r\n self.<\/span>wm_title(<\/span>\"Test Application\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # creating a frame and assigning it to container<\/span>\r\n container =<\/span> tk.<\/span>Frame(<\/span>self,<\/span> height=<\/span>400<\/span>,<\/span> width=<\/span>600<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n # specifying the region where the frame is packed in root<\/span>\r\n container.<\/span>pack(<\/span>side=<\/span>\"top\"<\/span>,<\/span> fill=<\/span>\"both\"<\/span>,<\/span> expand=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # configuring the location of the container using grid<\/span>\r\n container.<\/span>grid_rowconfigure(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> weight=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n container.<\/span>grid_columnconfigure(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> weight=<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # We will now create a dictionary of frames<\/span>\r\n self.<\/span>frames =<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>\r\n # we'll create the frames themselves later but let's add the components to the dictionary.<\/span>\r\n for<\/span> F in<\/span> (<\/span>MainPage,<\/span> SidePage,<\/span> CompletionScreen)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n frame =<\/span> F(<\/span>container,<\/span> self)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # the windows class acts as the root window for the frames.<\/span>\r\n self.<\/span>frames[<\/span>F]<\/span> =<\/span> frame\r\n frame.<\/span>grid(<\/span>row=<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> column=<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> sticky=<\/span>\"nsew\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # Using a method to switch frames<\/span>\r\n self.<\/span>show_frame(<\/span>MainPage)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n2. Developing a Technique for Changing View Frames<\/h3>\n
Once the __init__ is set up and the Frames are selected, we can proceed with developing a function to change the frame being viewed.<\/p>\n
def<\/span> show_frame<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> cont)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n frame =<\/span> self.<\/span>frames[<\/span>cont]<\/span>\r\n # raises the current frame to the top<\/span>\r\n frame.<\/span>tkraise(<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n3. Developing multiple classifications for frames.<\/h3>\n
Currently, we generate a variety of classes that function as Frames, and these Frames are swapped using the show_frame() method.<\/p>\n
class<\/span> MainPage<\/span>(<\/span>tk.<\/span>Frame)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> parent,<\/span> controller)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n tk.<\/span>Frame.<\/span>__init__(<\/span>self,<\/span> parent)<\/span>\r\n label =<\/span> tk.<\/span>Label(<\/span>self,<\/span> text=<\/span>\"Main Page\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n label.<\/span>pack(<\/span>padx=<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> pady=<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n # We use the switch_window_button in order to call the show_frame() method as a lambda function<\/span>\r\n switch_window_button =<\/span> tk.<\/span>Button(<\/span>\r\n self,<\/span>\r\n text=<\/span>\"Go to the Side Page\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n command=<\/span>lambda<\/span>:<\/span> controller.<\/span>show_frame(<\/span>SidePage)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n )<\/span>\r\n switch_window_button.<\/span>pack(<\/span>side=<\/span>\"bottom\"<\/span>,<\/span> fill=<\/span>tk.<\/span>X)<\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\nclass<\/span> SidePage<\/span>(<\/span>tk.<\/span>Frame)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> parent,<\/span> controller)<\/span>:<\/span>\r\n tk.<\/span>Frame.<\/span>__init__(<\/span>self,<\/span> parent)<\/span>\r\n label =<\/span> tk.<\/span>Label(<\/span>self,<\/span> text=<\/span>\"This is the Side Page\"<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n label.<\/span>pack(<\/span>padx=<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> pady=<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span>\r\n\r\n switch_window_button =<\/span> tk.<\/span>Button(<\/span>\r\n self,<\/span>\r\n text=<\/span>\"Go to the Completion Screen\"<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n command=<\/span>lambda<\/span>:<\/span> controller.<\/span>show_frame(<\/span>CompletionScreen)<\/span>,<\/span>\r\n )<\/span>\r\n switch_window_button.<\/span>pack