What is the process and principle of socket network programming?

Socket programming is a way of programming based on network protocols that enables communication between different computers.

The process of socket programming is as follows:

1. Create a Socket: Use the Socket library functions to create a Socket object, which can be used for networking communication.
2. Bind the Socket: Connecting the Socket object to a specified IP address and port number, so that other computers can communicate with the Socket through that IP address and port number.
3. Listen for connection requests: Set the socket to listening mode and wait for other computers to send connection requests.
4. Accept connection requests: when another computer sends a connection request, accept the request using the accept function to establish a connection with that computer.
5. Sending and receiving data: Use the send and recv functions of the Socket to send and receive data. The sender sends the data to the Socket, while the receiver receives the data from the Socket.
6. Close connection: use the close function to close the connection and release resources.

The principle of socket networking is as follows:

Socket networking programming is based on the TCP/IP protocol. TCP/IP is a network communication protocol that is used for transferring and communicating data between different computers on a network.

In socket programming, each socket object is bound to an IP address and port number. Using the socket object, communication can be established with the computer corresponding to that IP address and port number.

The TCP/IP protocol establishes a connection through a three-way handshake to ensure reliable communication between the sender and receiver. When the sender transmits data, TCP protocol divides the data into small packets and ensures that these packets arrive in order at the receiver. Upon receiving the packets, the receiver reassembles them into complete data. If any packets sent by the sender are lost or corrupted, TCP protocol initiates retransmission to ensure data reliability.

Using Socket network programming, it is possible to enable communication between different computers, such as communication between clients and servers. Clients can send requests to servers, which can then process the requests and send back relevant data to the clients. This allows for various network applications, such as web browsing, file transfers, and chatting, to be implemented.