What is the command for backing up a MySQL database?

In MySQL, you can use the mysqldump command to backup either the entire database or individual data tables. The syntax of the backup command is as follows:

Back up the entire database.

mysqldump -u username -p database_name > backup_file.sql

Backup a single data table:

mysqldump -u username -p database_name table_name > backup_file.sql

When executing the backup command, you need to provide the username and password for the MySQL database, and save the backup file as a .sql file. After the backup is complete, the backup file can be used to restore the database.