What are the rules for operator overloading in C++?
The rules for overloading operators in C++ are as follows:
- The priority and associativity of existing operators cannot be redefined.
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- Overloaded operators must have at least one operand that is a user-defined type and cannot change the number of operands for the operator.
- Operator overloading can be done using either member functions or non-member functions, but if it is a non-member function, at least one operand must be a user-defined type.
- If overloaded as a member function, the number of operands decreases by one, but if overloaded as a non-member function, the number of operands remains the same.
- The semantics of operands cannot be altered by operators.
- When overloading as a non-member function, the number of parameters should be equal to the number of operands for that operator. If it is a member function, the number of parameters should be one less than the number of operands for that operator.
- Overloading operators cannot change their priority and associativity.
- Overloaded operators should maintain their original basic meanings and not be excessively overloaded to avoid confusion and unnecessary complexity.