The input string does not meet the numerical format requirements, such as containing non-numeric characters, multiple decimal points, multiple symbols, etc.
The length of the input string exceeds the limit of the database.
The input string is empty or NULL.
The number represented by the input string exceeds the range of the database.
Incorrectly setting the NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter may result in an error.
Incorrect settings of the NLS_LANGUAGE or NLS_TERRITORY parameters may cause errors.
The input string contains special symbols like currency symbols or thousand separators, which may cause conversion to fail.
