What are the reasons for runtime errors in the C language?

There are several reasons for C language runtime errors.

  1. Null pointer dereference: when a program attempts to access an uninitialized pointer or a pointer that has already been released, it will trigger a null pointer dereference error.
  2. Array out of bounds: When a program tries to access an index outside the range of an array, it will trigger an array out of bounds error.
  3. Memory leakage: A memory leak error occurs when a program allocates memory space but fails to release it, rendering the memory space unusable.
  4. Division by zero error occurs when a program tries to perform a division operation by zero.
  5. Stack overflow: When a program exceeds the maximum capacity of the stack space used, it will trigger a stack overflow error.
  6. Recursion depth too high: When there are too many recursive calls in a program, causing the stack space to be insufficient, it will lead to a recursion depth too high error.
  7. Mismatched format string: When a program uses functions like printf or scanf, an error is triggered if the format string passed in does not match the parameter types.
  8. Illegal operation: When the program executes illegal operations, such as assigning a string to an integer variable, it will trigger an illegal operation error.
  9. Error in file operation: When the program encounters issues such as failing to open or read/write a file during file operations, it will prompt a file operation error.
  10. Other errors: There are some other reasons that may cause runtime errors in C language, such as undefined behavior, multi-thread synchronization issues, etc.
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