C++ Type Conversion: Implicit & Explicit
There are several forms of type conversion in C++:
- Implicit conversion: In certain situations, the compiler will automatically convert one type of data into another type. For example, when assigning an int variable to a double variable, the compiler will automatically perform an implicit type conversion from int to double.
- Explicit Conversion: Converting one type of data to another type using specific conversion operators or functions. This type of conversion can be used between any types, but should be used cautiously as it may result in data precision loss or other potential issues. In C++, explicit conversions can take several forms.
- Static_cast: Used for conversions between fundamental types and between classes with inheritance relationships.
- Constant conversion (const_cast): Used to remove constant properties, that is, to convert a variable with const modifier to a non-const type.
- reinterpret_cast is used to reinterpret the bit pattern of one type as the bit pattern of another type, typically used for conversions between pointer types.
- The dynamic_cast is used to convert between classes that have inheritance relationships and performs type checking at runtime.
- Function overloading and template specialization: By using function overloading and template specialization, different functions or template instances can be selected based on the input parameter types, achieving the effect of type conversion.
It is important to note that type conversion may lead to loss of data precision or uncertain behavior, so when performing type conversion, make sure it is safe and reasonable, and avoid potential issues.