What are the commonly used sorting methods in hive?

常见的Hive排序方法包括：

1. ORDER BY: Sorting the query results by specifying one or more columns. By default, the sorting is in ascending order, but DESC keyword can be used for descending order.
2. Sort data before passing it to the reducer. Unlike ORDER BY, SORT BY does not maintain the sorting order in the final output.
3. DISTRIBUTE BY: Distribute data to different reducer tasks based on the values of a specified column, and perform local sorting within the reducer tasks. Typically used in conjunction with SORT BY.
4. CLUSTER BY: Similar to DISTRIBUTE BY, it partitions data based on the values of a specified column and distributes data with the same value to the same reducer task. The difference is that CLUSTER BY also performs sorting within the reducer task.
5. Combining ORDER BY and DISTRIBUTE BY can sort data across multiple reducer tasks and ensure the output remains in order.

These sorting methods can be selected based on specific needs and data distributions to perform sorting operations.