How to use the ping, traceroute, and tracert commands in Linux.

In Linux systems, the following commands can be used to perform ping, traceroute, and tracert:

1. Ping command:
2. Use the ping command to test network connectivity with a specific host.
3. Use the following command format: ping [options] target host.
4. Some common options include:

   – c count: Specify the number of ping requests to send.
   – s packetsize: Set the size of the data packets to be sent in ping requests.
   – i wait: Set the time interval between sending ping requests.

5. For example, to ping a host, you can use the following command: ping example.com.
6. Traceroute command:
7. Use the traceroute command to trace the path of data packets from the local host to the target host.
8. Use the following command format: traceroute [options] target host.
9. Some common options include:
   -n: Disable resolving IP addresses to hostnames.
   -q nqueries: Set the number of packets to be sent for each hop.
   -w wait: Set the timeout for waiting for each response.
10. To trace the path to a host, you can use the following command: traceroute example.com
11. Trace Route command:
12. In Windows systems, use the tracert command to trace the path of data packets from the local host to the target host. In Linux systems, you can achieve similar functionality using the traceroute command.
13. The usage of the traceroute command in Linux is basically the same as the tracert command in Windows. Refer to the usage instructions of the traceroute command above.

Please note that you may need appropriate permissions on the system (such as using the sudo command) to use the ping, traceroute, and tracert commands.