How to use debugging in Python?

2 years ago
Benjamin Taylor
2 minutes

There are several main debugging tools available in Python:

  1. Insert print statements at key points in the code to output the values of variables, in order to observe the execution process of the program.
  2. Use breakpoints: By setting breakpoints in the code, the program will pause execution at the specified location, allowing you to step through the code and observe the values of variables.
  3. The pdb module in Python, which is a built-in debugging module, can be used to insert debugging commands in the code to control the program’s execution. By using pdb.set_trace() to set a breakpoint in the code, when running the program, it will enter the pdb debugging environment.
  4. Utilizing the debugging feature of an IDE: Many integrated development environments (IDEs) offer debugging features that allow users to set breakpoints, control program execution, and view variable values from within the IDE’s debugging interface.

Here is an example of using the pdb module for debugging:

import pdb

def add(a, b):
    pdb.set_trace()   # 设置断点
    result = a + b
    return result

x = 2
y = 3
z = add(x, y)
print(z)

When running the above code, it will pause execution at the designated breakpoints and enter the pdb debugging environment. Commands can be entered to view variable values, execute code, and more. For example, entering “p x” will display the value of variable x, “n” will execute the next line of code, and “q” will exit the debugging environment.

Note: After debugging is completed, remember to remove or comment out the debugging commands in the code (such as pdb.set_trace()) to avoid affecting the normal operation of the program.

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